تاثیر فعالیت بدنی در محیط سازمان یافته و سازمان نیافته بر یادداری بینایی و توجه انتخابی کودکان 10-7 ساله

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر فعالیت بدنی در محیط سازمان‌یافته و سازمان‌نیافته بر یادداری بینایی و توجه انتخابی کودکان می‌باشد.روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش و پس آزمون بصورت میدانی و جامعه‌ی آماری آن کودکان 10-7 ساله شهرستان تبریز بودند که30 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و به دو گروه شرکت‌کننده در مدرسه طبیعت (محیط سازمان نیافته) و شرکت‌کننده در کلاس بدمینتون (محیط سازمان یافته) تقسیم شدند. در ابتدا به عنوان پیش آزمون، آزمون یادداری بینایی بنتون و بوناردل را بمنظور سنجش ویژگی‌های ادراکی و شناختی اجرا کرده سپس به مدت 48 ساعت فعالیت خود را آغاز نمودند. در پایان از هر دو گروه پس آزمون گرفته شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آماری تحلیل واریانس دو طرفه مرکب و نرم افزار SPSS 22 در سطح معناداری 05/0 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.نتایج: بین عاملی اصلی گروه (01/0=p،  14/6= (28و1)F)، زمان (002/0=p،  67/11= (28و1)F) و تعامل آنها (04/0=p، 42/4= (28و1)F) در ویژگی ادراکی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد. همچنین در ویژگی شناختی، عاملی اصلی زمان (0001/0=p،  62/58= (28و1)F) و تعامل بین گروه و زمان (03/0=p،  77/4= (28و1)F) معنادار بود، بطوری که براساس تعامل در هر دو ویژگی، گروه محیط سازمان نیافته بهبود بیشتری را نشان دادند. نتایج: بین عاملی اصلی گروه (01/0=p،  14/6= (28و1)F)، زمان (002/0=p،  67/11= (28و1)F) و تعامل آنها (04/0=p، 42/4= (28و1)F) در ویژگی ادراکی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد. همچنین در ویژگی شناختی، عاملی اصلی زمان (0001/0=p،  62/58= (28و1)F) و تعامل بین گروه و زمان (03/0=p،  77/4= (28و1)F) معنادار بود، بطوری که براساس تعامل در هر دو ویژگی، گروه محیط سازمان نیافته بهبود بیشتری را نشان دادند.نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نظریه بوم‌شناختی شاخه ادراک و عمل گیبسون و شناختی پیاژه تاثیرات متفاوت دو محیط بر ویژگی‌های ادراکی و شناختی را می‌توان به شرایط فراهم‌سازی محیط نسبت داد؛ بطوریکه محیط سازمان نیافته تاثیرات بیشتری در راستای بهبود نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of activity in Organized and Unorganized space on characterizes of Perception and cognition among children 7-10 years old

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Fathirezaie
  • Elaheh Yousefi
  • Mahta Eskandarnejad
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of activity in organized and unorganized space on characterizes of Perception and cognition among children.
Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental design with pre-post and post-test design in a field study. The statistical population of this study was children aged 7 to 10 years old in Tabriz. Thirty subjects were selected by purposeful method and divided into two groups of nature school (unorganized environment) and participant in Badminton class constructive environment). Initially, as a pre-test, the Benton and Boyardee Test was performed and then started for 48 hours. In the end, both groups did post-test. Data were analyzed using two way mixed ANOVA and SPSS 22 software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Among the main factors of the group (F(1,28)=6.14, P=0.01), time (F(1,28)=11.67, P=0.002) and their interaction (F(1,28)=4.42, P=0.04), there was a significant difference in perceptual characteristics. Also, in the cognitive characteristics, the main factor of time was significant (F(1,28)=58.62, P=0.0001), and interaction between group and time (F(1,28)=4.47, P=0.03). Based on interaction in both features, the unorganized environment group showed better improvement.
Conclusions: Based on the ecological theory of the branch of Gibson's perception-action and Piaget's cognition, the different effects of the two environments on perceptual and cognitive qualities can be attributed to the conditions of the environment, in which the unorganized environment showed further effects in the direction of improvement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Visual Retention
  • Selective Attention
  • Children
  • Nature

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 اسفند 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399

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