اثر‌بخشی یک دوره تمرینات ورزش مغزی بر حافظه‌کاری مردان سالمند

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

هدف: با افزایش سن، سالمندان دچار اختلالات شناختی نظیر کاهش حافظه به عنوان یک فرایند طبیعی می­شوند. بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر­بخشی یک دوره تمرینات ورزش مغزی بر حافظه­کاری مردان سالمند بود.روش­شناسی: پژوهش حاضر نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش­آزمون-پس­آزمون بود. شرکت­کنندگان شامل 30 مرد سالمند بوده که به صورت دردسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری تجربی (میانگین سنی: 41/4±85/76 سال) و کنترل (میانگین سنی: 24/3±/08/77 سال) قرار گرفتند. شرکت­کنندگان آزمون پاسخ­دهی رقمی را برای ارزیابی حافظه­کاری در مراحل پیش­آزمون و پس­آزمون انجام دادند. گروه تجربی طی هشت هفته، هفته­ای دو مرتبه و هر جلسه 30 دقیقه به اجرای تمرینات ورزش­ مغزی پرداختند. داده­ها به وسیله آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب در سطح معناداری 05/0≥P در نرم­افزار SPSS22 تحلیل شد.نتایج: نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب نشان داد که تعامل دوگانه معنادار است (0001/0=P). در ادامه، نتایج آزمون­های تی مستقل و وابسته نشان دادند که گروه تجربی نسبت به گروه کنترل دارای عملکرد معنادار (0001/0=P) بهتری در مرحله پس­آزمون بوده و از پیش­آزمون تا پس­آزمون پیشرفت معناداری (0001/0=P) داشته­اند. نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به یافته­های حاضر، به مربیان و شاغلین در امر سالمندان پیشنهاد می­شود برای بهبود حافظه­کاری از این روش جدید تمرینی استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Brain Gym on working memory in Male Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Tootak
  • Rasool Abedanzadeh
  • Esmaeel Saemi
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

purpose: As the age increases, the elderly suffers from cognitive disorders such as memory decline as a natural process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of brain gym exercises on the working memory of male older adults.
Methods: In present semi-experimental study with pre-post-test with control group design, 30 male elderly were availably selected and randomly divided into two equal groups of 15 experimental (mean age:76.85±4.41 yr) and control (mean age:77.8±3.24 yr). Participants of both groups performed the digit Span Response test to evaluate the working memory in pre-test and after 16 training sessions (only experimental group) in post-test. The experimental group performed eight weeks, twice in the week and each session within 30 minutes and the control group performed nothing this period. The data were analyzed using the Mix-MANOVA test and independent and dependent T-tests on the significance level of 0.05 using of IBM SPSS22.
Results: The results of Mix-ANOVA showed a significant tow-way interaction (P=0.0001) and independent and paired T-test revealed significant difference between the experimental and control groups in post-test (P=0.0001). Also the progress from pre to post-test was significant for experimental group (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: With regarding to present findings, it suggests to educators and practitioners in the sports to apply this new method of practice to improve work memory to perform tasks and activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • brain gym
  • elderly
  • working memory
  • cognitive function

مراجع

  1. Shirini A.R, Arsham S, Yaali R. The Relationship between Fear of Falling, Anxiety, Functional Mobility and Balance in Nursing-Home Older Adults. Motor Behavior. Fall 2017; 9(29):135-48. (Persian). Doi: 10.22089/MBJ.2017.3227.1394
  2. Tavafian S.S, Aghamolaei T, Moeini B. Functional independence level of physical activities in elderly people: a populationbased study. (Persian).
  3. Farooqui T, Farooqui AA, editors. Diet and exercise in cognitive function and neurological diseases. Wiley Blackwell; 2015 Feb 5. (Persian).
  4. Akhoondzadeh G, Akhoondzadeh J. Effectiveness of memory recall on memory performance of elderly. jgn. 2014; 1(1):64-72. (Persian).
  5. Chi H, Agama E, Prodanoff ZG. Developing serious games to promote cognitive abilities for the elderly. In 2017 IEEE 5th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH) 2017 Apr 2 (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
  6. Kennedy Q, Mather M, Carstensen LL. The role of motivation in the age-related positivity effect in autobiographical memory. Psychological science. 2004 Mar;15(3):208-14.
  7. Barkley RA. Linkages between attention and executive functions.
  8. Heyman T, Van Rensbergen B, Storms G, Hutchison KA, De Deyne S. The influence of working memory load on semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2015 May;41(3):911.
  9. McNab F, Klingberg T. Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia control access to working memory. Nature neuroscience. 2008 Jan;11(1):103.
  10. Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF, Erickson KI, Scalf P, Mcauley E, Cohen NJ, Webb A, Jerome GJ, Marquez DX, Elavsky S. Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2004 Mar 2;101(9):3316-21.
  11. Gotlib IH, Joormann J. Cognition and depression: current status and future directions. Annual review of clinical psychology. 2010 Apr 27;6:285-312.
  12. Mokhtari M, Nezakatalhossaini M, Esfarjani F. The effect of 12-week pilates exercises on depression and balance associated with falling in the elderly. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013 Jan 25;70:1714-23. (Persian).
  13. Rashidy-Pour A, Fathollahi Y, Miladi-Gorji H, Safari M. Enhancing hippocampal neuronal numbers in morphine-dependent rats by voluntary exercise through a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated mechanism. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health. 2015;2(1).
  14. Ieraci A, Mallei A, Musazzi L, Popoli M. Physical exercise and acute restraint stress differentially modulate hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor transcripts and epigenetic mechanisms in mice. Hippocampus. 2015 Nov;25(11):1380-92.
  15. Uysal N, Kiray M, Sisman AR, Camsari UM, Gencoglu C, Baykara B, Cetinkaya C, Aksu I. Effects of voluntary and involuntary exercise on cognitive functions, and VEGF and BDNF levels in adolescent rats. Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 2015 Jan 2;90(1):55-68.
  16. Huang T, Larsen KT, Ried‐Larsen M, Møller NC, Andersen LB. The effects of physical activity and exercise on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in healthy humans: A review. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2014 Feb;24(1):1-0.
  17. Coelho FG, Vital TM, Stein AM, Arantes FJ, Rueda AV, Camarini R, Teodorov E, Santos-Galduroz RF. Acute aerobic exercise increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2014 Jan 1;39(2):401-8.
  18. Wang S, Chen L, Zhang L, Huang C, Xiu Y, Wang F, Zhou C, Luo Y, Xiao Q, Tang Y. Effects of long-term exercise on spatial learning, memory ability, and cortical capillaries in aged rats. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2015;21:945.
  19. Lotfabadi, H. The psychological development of young youth adulthood. Tehran: samt;2007.
  20. Shabani F. Esmaeili A. Salman Z. Effectiveness of Different Intensities of Acute Resistance Exercise on Working Memory of the Elderly. Psychology of Aging. 2017 Nov.3(1): 55-67. (Persian).
  21. Coles K, Tomporowski PD. Effects of acute exercise on executive processing, short-term and long-term memory. Journal of sports sciences. 2008 Feb 1;26(3):333-44.
  22. Sadeghi N, Khalaji H, Nourozian M, Mokhtari P. The impact of physical activity on the memory of women 5070 years old with memory impairment. New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal. 2013; 3(11): 47-54. (Persian).
  23. Ansari D. The Brain Goes to School: Strengthening the Education-Neuroscience Connection. Education Canada. 2008;48(4):6-10.
  24. Kraemer WJ, Staron RS, Hagerman FC, Hikida RS, Fry AC, Gordon SE, Nindl Bc, Gothshalk La, Volek Js, Marx Jo, Newton Ru. The effects of short-term resistance training on endocrine function in men and women. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1998 May 1;78(1):69-76.
  25. Cancela JM, Vila Suarez MH, Vasconcelos J, Lima A, Ayan C. Efficacy of brain gym training on the cognitive performance and fitness level of active older adults: a preliminary study. Journal of aging and physical activity. 2015 Oct;23(4):653-8. doi.org/10.1123/japa.2014-0044.
  26. Goekint M, Roelands B, De Pauw K, Knaepen K, Bos I, Meeusen R. Does a period of detraining cause a decrease in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor?. Neuroscience letters. 2010 Dec 17;486(3):146-9.
  27. Dahl A, Hassing LB, Fransson E, Berg S, Gatz M, Reynolds CA, Pedersen NL. Being overweight in midlife is associated with lower cognitive ability and steeper cognitive decline in late life. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2009 Apr 6;65(1):57-62.
  28. Dennison PE, Dennison GE. Brain Gym handbook: The student guide to Brain Gym. Edu-Kinesthetics, Incorporated; 1997.
  29. Yusuf A, Indarwati R, Jayanto AD. Senam otak meningkatkan fungsi kognitif lansia. Jurnal Ners. 2010 Apr;5(1):79-86.
  30. Bherer L, Erickson KI, Liu-Ambrose T. A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults. Journal of aging research. 2013.
  31. Uysal N, Tugyan K, Kayatekin Bm, Acikgoz O, Bagriyanik Ha, Gonenc S, et al. The effects of regular aerobic exercise in adolescent period on hippocampal neuron density, apoptosis and spatial memory. Neurosci Lett. 2005; 383(3): 241-5.
  32. Griffin ÉW, Mullally S, Foley C, Warmington SA, O'Mara SM, Kelly ÁM. Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal function and increases Bdnf in the serum of young adult males. Physiology & behavior. 2011 Oct 24;104(5):934-41.
  33. Ebrahimi S, Rashidy-Pour A, Vafaei A, Mohammad Akhavan M, Haghighi S. Influence of basolateral amygdala lesion on the inhibitory effects of propranolol on voluntary exercise- induced enhancement of learning and memory. Koomesh. 2010; 11(2): 133-41.
  34. Veening JG, Barendregt HP. The effects of Beta-Endorphin: state change modification. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. 2015 Dec;12(1):3.
  35. Chowdhury R, Guitart-Masip M, Bunzeck N, Dolan RJ, Düzel E. Dopamine modulates episodic memory persistence in old age. Journal of Neuroscience. 2012 Oct 10;32(41):14193-204.
  36. Voss MW, Vivar C, Kramer AF, van Praag H. Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2013 Oct 1;17(10):525-44.
  37. Azizah LM, Martiana T, Soedirham O. The Improvement of Cognitive Function and Decrease the Level of Stress in the Elderly with Brain Gym. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (Ijnms). 2017 Dec 9;1(1):26-31.
  38. Reina‐De La Torre F, Rodriguez‐Baeza A, Sahuquillo‐Barris J. Morphological characteristics and distribution pattern of the arterial vessels in human cerebral cortex: a scanning electron microscope study. The Anatomical Record: An Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists. 1998 May;251(1):87-96.
  39. Topple A, Fifkova E, Baumgardner D, Cullen-Dockstader K. Effect of age on blood vessels and neurovascular appositions in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Neurobiology of aging. 1991 May 1;12(3):211-7.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار