,
نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی
چکیده
هدف: پژوهش حاضر به منظور مطالعه نقش واسطه‌ای راهبردهای مقابله‌ای کارآمد و ناکارآمد در رابطه کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی با فرسودگی ورزشی در فوتبالیست‌های نیمه حرفه‌ای انجام شد. روش‌شناسی: روش پژوهش همبستگی بود. 120 شرکت‌کننده به شیوه نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تک‌مرحله‌ای از بین فوتبالیست های نیمهحرفهای در تهران انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های راهبردهای مقابله‌ای لازاروس، کمال‌گرایی تری- شورت، اوونز، اسلیدو دیوی و فرسودگی مسلش جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون به شیوه گام به گام تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از آن است که بین کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی با فرسودگی‌ورزشی در فوتبالیست‌های نیمه حرفه‌ای رابطه معناداری وجود دارد و راهبرد مقابله‌ای کارآمد به طور معکوس و راهبرد مقابله‌ای ناکارآمد به طور مستقیم در رابطه کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی با فرسودگی ورزشی نقش واسطه‌ای دارند (p < 0.01). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج شواهدی را پیشنهاد می‌کند که نقش واسطه‌ای راهبردهای مقابله‌ای کارآمد و ناکارآمد در رابطه کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی با فرسودگی ورزشی جزیی بود. راهبردهای مقابله‌ای کارآمد و ناکارآمد تاثیر کمال‌گرایی مثبت و منفی بر فرسودگی را کاهش می‌دهند اما این تاثیر کامل نیست. لذا به منظور کاهش فرسودگی ورزشی، پیشنهاد می‌شود علاوه بر توجه به کمال‌گرایی بازیکنان، زمینه ارتقاء راهبردهای مقابله‌ای کارآمد فراهم شود.
- Thelwell R, Greenless IA, &Weston JV. Examining the use of psychological skills throughout soccer performance. Journal of sport behavior. 2017; 33(12): 109-127.
- Salmela J, Saneti Monfared S, Mosayebi F, Bush ND. Mental skill profiles and expertise levels of elite Iranian athletes. Journal of sport psychology. 2009; 39 (2): 361-373.
- Orlick T. Psyching for sport, mental training for athletes. Champaign, leisure press, 2014. P. 123-125
- Maslach C, Jackson S. Maslach burnout inventory. 2nd ed. Palo Alto, a; consulting psychology press. 1986. P. 258-161
- Lonsdale C, Hodge K, Rose E. Athlete burnout in elite sport: A self determination perspective. Journal of sports sciences. 2015; 27 (3): 785-795.
- Williams JM. Applied sport psychology; personal growth to peak performance. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2006. P. 215-215
- Goodger K, Lavallee D, Gorely T, Harwood C. (2016). Burnout in sport: understanding the process. In J. m Williams(Ed), applied sport psychology; personal growth to peak performance New York: McGraw âHill. 2016. P. 541-564
- Gould D, Dieffenbach K, moffett A. Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of applied sport psychology. 2008; 14 (2): 172-204.
- Clement D, Shannon V. The impact of a workshop on athletic training students, sport psychology behaviors. The Journal of sport psychologist. 2012; 23(1): 504-522.
- Niemi MB. Cure in the mind. . New York: Scientific American Mind. 2012. P. 42-49.
- Suddarth BH, Staney RB. An investigation of the dimensions of perfectionism in college students. Journal of Measurement and development. 2005; 34 (3):157-165.
- Hamachek DE. Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Journal of Psychology. 1978; 15(3): 27-33.
- Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Blankstein KR, O,Brien S. Perfectionism and learned resourcefulness in depression and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and individual differences. 2004; 12(1): 61-68.
- Stoeber J, Harris RA, Moom PS. Perfectionism and the experience of pride, shame, and guilt: comparing healthy perfectionists, unhealthy perfectionists, and non-perfectionists. Journal of Personality and individual difference. 2007; 43(4): 131-141.
- Flett GL, Besser A, Hewitt PL, Davis RA. Perfectionism, silencing the self, and depression. Journal of Personality and individual differences; 2007; 43(3): 1211-1222.
- Martinent G, Ferrand C. A cluster analysis of precompetitive anxiety: relationship with perfectionism and trait anxiety. Journal of Personality and individual differences. 2010; 46(1): 1676-1686.
- Stoeber J, Kempe T, Keogh EJ. Facets of self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism and feeling of pride, shame and guilt following success and failure. Journal of Personality and individual differences. 2008; 44(1): 1506-1516.
- Casey MM, Payne WR, Eime RM, Brown SJ. Sustaining health promotion programs within sport and recreation organizations. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2014; 12(3): 113-118.
- Andrews G, Singh M, Bond M. The defense style questionnaire. Journal of nirvana and mental disease. 2010; 12(1): 146-150.
- Gallucci NT. Sport psychology; performance enhancement, performance inhibition, individuals and teams. New York: Psychology press, 2017. P. 315-317
- Cox RH. Sport psychology, concepts and applications. McGraw-Hill-international Edition, 2007. P. 281-283
- Meehan HL, Bull SJ, Wood DM, James DB. The overtraining syndrome: a multi contextual assessment. The Journal of sport psychologist. 2012; 18(1): 154-171.
- 23. Terry-short LA, Owens RG, Slade PD, Dewey ME. Positive and negative perfectionism. Journal of Personality and individual differences. 1995; 18(3): 663-668.
- Besharat MA. Validity and reliability of positive and negative scale. Journal of psychological sciences. 2002; 8(2): 246-359. (In Persian)
- Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Coping and adaptation, Gilford Press, 1985. P. 237-238
- Zarei S, Asadi Z. the comparison personality traits and coping strategies with stress in addicted adolescents and normal. Journal of research on addiction. 2012; 5(20): 87-104. (In Persian)
- Maslach C. Job Burnout: New directions in research and intervention. Journal of Current directions in psychological science. 2003; 12(3): 189- 192.
- Azizi Moqaddam A. A Survey of the Relationship between Organizational Health of Schools and Teachersâ Burn out in Secondary Schools (Mahabad 2007-2008). Journal of Daneshvar Raftar. 2009; 16(36): 1-22. (In Persian)
- Cresswell SL, Eklund RC. The athlete burnout syndrome: possible early signs. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2015; 7(1): 481-487.
- Shafran R, Mansell W. Perfectionism and psychopathology: a review of research and treatment. Journal of Clinical psychology review. 2010; 21(1): 879-906.
- Simon B, Sherry A, Paul L, Hewitt B, Gordon L, Flett C, Dayna L, Lee-Baggley B, Peter A, Hall D. Trait perfectionism and perfectionist self-presentation in personality pathology. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences. 2010; 46(4): 477â490.
- Grylls E, Spittle M. Injury and burnout in Australian athletes. Journal of Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2012; 3(1): 873-880.
- Wiggens MS, Lai C, Deiters JA. Anxiety and burnout in female collegiate ice hockey and soccer athletes. Journal of Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2011; 101(3): 519-524.
- Besharat MA, Nadali H, Zabardast A, Salehi M. Perfectionism and coping styles with stress. Journal of developmental psychology; Iranian psychologists. 2008; 17(5): 7-17. (In Persian)
- Harris PW, Pepper cm, Maack DJ. The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of rumination. Journal of Personality and individual differences. 2008; 44(1): 150-160.
- Stumpf H, Parker WD. A hierarchical structural analysis of perfectionism and its relation to other personality characteristics. Journal of Personality and individual differences. 2008; 44(2): 837-852.
- Stoeber J, Otto K. Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Journal of Personality and social psychology review. 2017; 10(3): 296-319.
- Dunkley DM, Kyparissis A. What is DAS self-critical perfectionism really measuring? Relations with the five factor model of personality and depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and individual differences. 2008; 44(1): 1295-1305.
- Dallaire J. Develop your mental skills by training to improve personal performance. Performance prime, McGraw-Hill, 2016. P. 189-190
- Slade PD, Owens RG. A dual process model of perfectionism based on reinforcement theory. Journal of Behavior Modification. 2002; 22(1): 372-390.
)