,
نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی
چکیده
هدف: هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی اثر هشت هفته تمرینات پیلاتس بر تن تصویری و شاخص توده بدنی زنان کم تحرک بود.روش: مطالعه حاضر از نوع نیمهتجربی بود. آزمودنی ها شامل 41 زن با میانگین سنی 17/2 ±88/21 سال و شاخص توده بدنی 57/3±6/23 انتخاب و برای اجرای برنامه تمرینی آموزش داده شدند. آزمودنی ها بهصورت تصادفی به دو گروه تجربی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. داده های حاصل از اندازه گیری ها قبل و بعد از دوره تمرین از تمام آزمودنیها جمع آوری شد. اطلاعات مورد نظر از طریق آزمون تی استیودنت تجزیه و تحلیل شد.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که هشت هفته تمرین پیلاتس بهطور معناداری (0.05≥P) باعث تغییر خرده مقیاسهای ساختارهای شناختی-ادراکی تن تصویری و ساختارهای عاطفی-نگرشی تن تصویری با عنوان تأثیرات منفی (NA) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل شد. تأثیر معناداری بر سایر خرده مقیاس های ساختارهای عاطفی-نگرشی تن تصویری (0.05≤P) مشاهده شد. همچنین شاخص توده بدنی (P=0.024) و درصد چربی بدن (0.017=P) پس از این دوره تمرینی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل و پیش آزمون تغییر معنی داری نشان داد، اما تغییرات وزن معنی دار نبود (P=0.153).نتیجه گیری: بهطور کلی نتایج نشان داد اگرچه تمرینات پیلاتس در یک دوره هشت هفتهای تأثیر معنی داری بر وزن بدن نداشت، اما توانست ترکیب بدنی را تغییر دهد. همچنین توانست باعث تغییراتی در نحوه نگرش به خود شود که بهطور گسترده ای بر سلامت روانی و شاخص های مرتبط با آن تأثیرگذار است.
- Appleton KM. 6 x 40 min exercise improves body image even though body weight and shape do not change. J. Health Psychol. 2012; 18(1):110â120.
- Ahmed C, Hilton W, K Pituch. Relations of strength training to body image among a sample of female university students. J Strength Cond Res. 2002; 16(4): 645â648.
- Campbell A, Hausenblas H A. Effect of exercise interventions on body image. J. Health Psychol. 2015; 14(6): 780â793.
- Kenardy J, Brown W, Vogt E. Dieting and health in young Australian women. EUR EAT DISORD REV. 2001; 9: 242â254.
- Renner B, Hankonen N, Ghisletta P, Absetz P. Dynamic psychological and behavioral changes in the adoption and maintenance of exercise. Health Psychol. 2012; 31(3): 306-315.
- Daniels A K, Niekerk R L. The influence of a moderate aerobics program on the body self-image of women in middle adulthood. SAJSM. 2011; 23(4): 106-110.
- Henry R N, Anshel M H, Michael T. Effects of Aerobic and Circuit Training on Fitness and Body Image among Women. J. Sport Beha. 2006; hpq.sagepub.com/content/14/6/780.refs
- Withrow D, Alter D A. The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes Rev. 2011; 12: 131-141.
- Caldwell K, Harrison M, Adams M, Quin R H, Greeson J. Developing Mindfulness in College Students Through Movement-Based Courses: Effects on Self-Regulatory Self-Efficacy, Mood, Stress, and Sleep Quality. J AM COLL HEALTH. 2014; 58(5): 433-442.
- Aladro-Gonzalvo A R, Machado-Dı´az M, Moncada-Jime´nez J, Herna´ndez-Elizondo J, Araya-Vargas G. The effect of Pilates exercises on body composition: A systematic review. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. 2012; 16: 109-114.
- Ho S S, Dhaliwal S S, Hills A P, Pal S. The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12: 704-716.
- Maesta N, Nahas E A, Nahas N, Orsatti F L, Fernandes C E, Traiman P, et al. Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2007; 56(4): 350-358.
- Ebrahimi F, mahdavinejad R, jalily H. The Effects of Selected Pilates Exercises on Muscle Strength, Balance and HbA1c in Female Patients with Diabetes Type 2. Journal of sport medicine. 2015; 7(2): 251-265. (in Persian)
- Cruz-Ferreira A, Fernandes J, Laranjo L, Bernardo L M, Silva A. A systematic review of the effects of Pilates method of exercise in healthy people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011; 92: 2071-2081.
- Kamali A, Mahdavi nezhad R, Norouzi K. The Effect of Selected Pilates Exercises on Thigh Muscle Strength and Depression in Elderly Women. JPSR. 2016; 5(2): 67-75. (in Persian)
- Konul Memmedova k. Impact of Pilates on Anxiety Attention, Motivation, Cognitive function and Achievement of Students: Structural Modeling. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2015; 186: 544 â 548.
- Bullo V, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Sieverdes J C, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise, Prev. Med. 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.002
- Pourvaghar MJ, Bahram ME. Effect of 12 Weeks of Pilates Exercises on Improvement of Symptoms in Elderly Women with Mild Depression. Int J Sports Studies. 2014; 4 (11): 1409-1414.
- Hashemi A, Taghian F, Kargar Fard M. Effect of Pilates for 8 Weeks on Cortisol and Lipid Profile in Obese Women. Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2015; 20(4): 249-255.
- Neumark-Sztainer D, Eisenberg M E, Wall M, Loth K A. Yoga and Pilates: Associations with body image and disordered eating behaviors in a population-based sample of young adults. Int J Eat Disord. 2011; 44(3): 276â280.
- Rowe D A, Benson J, Baumgartner T. Development of the Body Self-Image uestionnaire. Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci. 1999; 3(4): 223-247.
- Kloubec J A. Pilates for improvement of muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and posture. Journal of Strength Cond Res. 2010; 24(3): 661-667.
- Mokhtari M, Nezakatalhossaini M, Esfarjani F. The effect of 12-week pilates exercises on depression and balance associated with falling in the elderly. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2013; 70: 1714 â 1723
- Williams P A, Cash T F. Effects of a circuit weight-training program on the body images of college students. INT J EAT DISORDER. 2001; 30: 75-82.
- Bavli O, Koyabsi O. Investigation the effects of 6 weeks pilates exercises on biomotorical variables and self-esteem scores of young women. Turk J Sport Exe. 2016; 18(1): 127-131.
- Martin Ginis K A, Strong H A, Arent S M, Bray S R, Bassett-Gunter R L. The effects of aerobic-versus strength-training on body image among young women with pre-existing body image concerns. Body Image. 2014; 11: 219â227.
- Newell D, Shead V, Sloane L. Changes in gait and balance parameters in elderly subjects attending an 8-week supervised Pilates programme. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 2012; 16: 549â554.
- Janati S, Sohrabi M, Attarzadh Hosaini R. The effect of selective Hata yoga training on balance of elderly women. Salmand. 2011; 5(4): 46-52.
- Carraro A, Nart A, Scarpa S. Effects of a single session of physical exercise on body state. Rev Bras Cienc E sporte Campinas. 2010; 32 (1): 173-184.
- Siqueira Rodrigues B G, Cader S A, Bento Torres N V O, Oliveira E M, Martin Dantas E H. Pilates method in personal autonomy, static balance and quality of life of elderly females. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. 2010; 14: 195-202.
- Iulian-Doru T, Vasilica G, Maria T, Claudia-Camelia B. Pilates Principles - Psychological Resources for Efficiency Increase of Fitness Programs for Adults Procedia - Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2013; 84: 658â662.
- Vartaniana L R, Wharton C M, Green E B. Appearance vs. health motives for exercise and for weight loss. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2012; 13: 251-256.
- LePage, M L, Crowther J H. The effects of exercise on body satisfaction and affect. Body Image. 2010; 7: 124â130.
- Arsalanoglu E, Senel O. Effects of Pilates Training on Some Physiological Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Middle Aged Sedentary Women. Int J Sports Studies. 2013; 3 (2): 122-129.
- Fourie M, Gildenhuys G M, Shaw I, Shaw B S, Toriola A L, Goon D T. Effects of a mat pilâtes programme on body composition in elderly women. West Indian Med J. 2013; 62(6): 524-528.
- Sekendize A O, Korkusuz F, Akın S. Effects of Pilates exercise on trunk strength. Endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2007; 11(4): 318-326.
- Erkal A, Arslanoglu C, Reza B, Senel Ã. Effects of eight weeks pilates exercises on body composition of middle aged sedentary women. OUA. 2011; 11(1): 86-89.