اثر نوع تمرین بر مهارت های اجتماعی و شناختی کودکان 8-10 سال

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزشی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.

2 گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزشی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

3 گروه علوم ورزشی ، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثر یک دوره تمرینات اسپارک، بینایی ورزشی و بازی‌های هدفمند بر مهارت‌های شناختی و اجتماعی کودکان 8 تا 10 سال بود.

روش ها: این مطالعه نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون–پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه کودکان 8 تا 10 سال منطقه یک شهر خرم‌آباد بود. نمونه‌ای به روش در دسترس–تصادفی انتخاب و به چهار گروه (اسپارک، بینایی ورزشی، بازی‌های هدفمند و کنترل) تقسیم شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها شامل آزمون ان-بک و سیاهه رفتاری کودک آخنباخ (CBCL) بود. مداخلات طی هشت هفته و در 24 جلسه اجرا گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون کوواریانس چندمتغیره (MANCOVA) تحلیل شد.

یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد هر سه مداخله به‌طور معناداری موجب بهبود عملکرد شناختی در تکلیف پیچیده ان-بک (شاخص دقت) شدند(P<0.05)،اما تفاوت معناداری میان اثربخشی آن‌ها مشاهده نشد. این امر نشان‌دهنده اهمیت فعالیت بدنی ساختاریافته، فارغ از نوع خاص آن، در ارتقای کارکردهای شناختی است. درعین‌حال، هیچ‌یک از مداخلات بر زمان واکنش ساده (شاخص سرعت پردازش پایه) اثر معناداری نداشتند. همچنین، مداخلات اسپارک و بازی‌های هدفمند به‌طور چشمگیری موجب ارتقای مهارت‌های اجتماعی شدند(P<0.05) که می‌توان آن را به ماهیت تعاملی و گروه‌محور این فعالیت‌ها نسبت داد. در مقابل، تمرینات بینایی ورزشی تأثیر معناداری بر مهارت‌های اجتماعی نشان ندادند(P>0.05).

نتیجه گیری: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد فعالیت‌های بدنی ساختاریافته، به‌ویژه تمرینات گروهی مانند اسپارک و بازی‌های هدفمند، می‌توانند راهبردی عملی و کم‌هزینه برای ارتقای هم‌زمان حوزه‌های شناختی و اجتماعی کودکان باشند. بااین‌حال، انتخاب نوع مداخله باید متناسب با اهداف خاص (مانند بهبود شناخت یا مهارت‌های اجتماعی) صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Training Type on Social and Cognitive Skills among 8-10-Year-Old Children

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Ghaneie Chegeni 1
  • Zohreh Meshkati 2
  • Hamid Zahedi 3
  • Rokhsarh Badami 2
1 Department of Motor Behaviour and Sport Psychology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Department of Motor Behaviour and Sport Psychology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Department of Sports Science, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a period of SPARK training, sports vision training, and purposeful games on the cognitive and social skills of children aged 8 to 10 years.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all children aged 8 to 10 years in District 1 of Khorramabad City. The sample was selected through convenience–random sampling and divided into four groups (SPARK, sports vision, purposeful games, and control). Data collection instruments included the N-back test and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The interventions were implemented over eight weeks in 24 sessions. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA.

Results: The results showed that all three interventions significantly improved cognitive performance in the complex N-back task (accuracy index) (p<0.05), but no significant differences were observed between their effectiveness. This indicates the importance of structured physical activity, regardless of type, in promoting cognitive functions. At the same time, none of the interventions had a significant effect on simple reaction time (basic processing speed index). Moreover, SPARK training and purposeful games significantly improved children’s social skills, which can be attributed to the interactive and group-based nature of these activities. In contrast, sports vision training did not show a significant impact on social skills.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that structured physical activities, especially group-oriented programs such as SPARK and purposeful games, can serve as practical and cost-effective strategies for simultaneously enhancing children’s cognitive and social development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • SPARK Training
  • Purposeful Games
  • Cognitive Skills
  • Social Skills

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روانشناسی ورزش

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 01 بهمن 1404

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 مرداد 1403

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