اثربخشی بار شناختی تکلیف بر کارکردهای اجرایی زنان سالمند غیرفعال: تاکید بر تغییرپذیری محیط

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

هدف: اگرچه کاهش عملکردهای شناختی بخشی اجتناب‌ناپذیر از سالمندی است، انجام فعالیت‌بدنی و مهارت‌های هماهنگی حرکتی، بر بهبود عملکردهای عصبی‌شناختی آن‌ها تاثیرگذار است. با توجه به اهمیت تاثیر تکالیف با نیازهای پردازشی مختلف بر عملکردهای شناختی، هدف پژوهش مقایسه اثربخشی تمرین مهارت‌های باز و بسته بر کارکردهای اجرایی زنان سالمند غیرفعال بود.
روش‌‌ها: روش پژوهش از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون بود.سی سالمند زن غیرفعال بطور تصادفی در دو گروه تمرین مهارت‌های بسته (ایروبیک) و تمرین مهارت‌های باز (تنیس روی میز) قرار گرفتند. شرکت‌کنندگان هر دو گروه طی 12 هفته و هر هفته 3 جلسه برنامه تمرینی مربوط به خود را انجام دادند. در پایان از شرکت‌کنندگان آزمون‌های کارکرد اجرایی حافظه کاری ان‌بک، دسته‌بندی کارت‌های ویسکانسین و استروپ گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش تفاوت معناداری را بین تمرین مهارت‌های باز و بسته بر حافظه کاری (P=0/001)، انعطاف پذیری شناختی (P=0/025) و بازداری پاسخ (P=0/002) نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد 12 هفته تمرین مهارت‌های باز در مقایسه با تمرین بسته تاثیر بیشتری بر کارکردهای اجرایی سالمندان زن غیرفعال دارد. پیشنهاد می‌شود زنان سالمند غیرفعال جهت ارتقاء کارکردهای اجرایی، در ورزش‌هایی مانند تنیس روی میز که دارای بار شناختی بالایی هستند، شرکت کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Load of Task on the Executive Functions of Inactive Elderly Women: Emphasis on environmental variability

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammamd jalilvand 1
  • hosseein samadi 2
  • rezvan soori 3
1 1- Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, Yazd University
3 kermanshah university
چکیده [English]

Purpose: Although reducing cognitive functions is an inevitable part of aging, performing physical activity and motor coordination skills is effective in improving their neurological functions. Considering the importance of the effective of tasks with different processing needs on cognitive functions, the aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of open and closed skills exercise on the executive functions of inactive elderly women.
Methods: this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. 30 inactive elderly women were randomly assigned to two groups of open and closed skills exercise. Participants in both groups performed their own exercise program for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. All subjects then participated in executive function tests of Nback working memory, Wisconsin Card Sorting and stroop.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise on working memory (P = 0.001), cognitive flexibility (P = 0.025) and response inhibition (P = 0/002).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that 12 weeks of open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise has a more effect on increasing executive functions of inactive elderly women. Therefore, in order to improve their executive functions, it is recommended that inactive older women participate in sports such as table tennis, which have a high cognitive load.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical activity
  • executive functions
  • open and closed skills
  • elderly
  • inactive
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