1. Hashim H, Grove RJ, Whipp P. Validating the
youth sport enjoyment construct in high school
physical education. Research Quarterly for
Exercise and Sport. 2008 Jun 1; 79(2):183-94.
2. MacPhail A, Gorely T, Kirk D, Kinchin G.
Children's experiences of fun and enjoyment
during a season of sport education. Research
quarterly for exercise and sport. 2008 Sep 1;
79(3):344-55.
3. Kamimura A, Kawata Y, Izutsu S, Shibata N,
Hirosawa M. The Impact of Physical Activity
Enjoyment on Motor Ability. InCongress of the
International Ergonomics Association 2018 Aug
26 (pp. 639-645). Springer, Cham.
4. Budd EL, McQueen A, Eyler AA, Haire-Joshu D,
Auslander WF, Brownson RC. The role of physical
activity enjoyment in the pathways from the
social and physical environments to physical
activity of early adolescent girls. Preventive
medicine. 2018 Jun 1; 111:6-13.
5. López Walle JM, Tristán Rodríguez JL, Balaguer
Solá I, Duda JL, Aguirre HB, Rios RM. Coaches'
controlling style, basic needs thwarting, and
well-/ill-being in Mexican university players.
Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 2014;
36(Sup.):S117.
6. Navarro-Patón R, Lago-Ballesteros J, BasantaCamiño S, Arufe-Giraldez V. Relation between
motivation and enjoyment in physical education
classes in children from 10 to 12 years old.
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2019 Sep;
14(3):527-537.
7. Chung PK, Leung KM. Psychometric Properties
of Eight-Item Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in
a Chinese Population. Journal of aging and
physical activity. 2019 Feb 1; 27(1):61-6.
8. Scanlan TK, Carpenter PJ, Lobel M, Simons JP.
Sources of enjoyment for youth sport athletes.
Pediatric exercise science. 1993 Aug 1; 5(3):275-
85.
9. Joudrey, AD, Wallace, JE. Leisure as a coping
resource: A test of the job demand-controlsupport model. Human Relations. 2009;
62(2):195-218.
10. Chung PK, Leung KM. Psychometric
Properties of Eight-Item Physical Activity
Enjoyment Scale in a Chinese Population. Journal
of aging and physical activity. 2019 Feb 1;
27(1):61-6.
11. Weiss, M. R., Chaumeton, N. Motivational
orientations in sport. In: T. S. Horn (Ed.).
Advances in Sport Psychology. Champaign IL:
Human Kinetics. 1992; 61-99.
12. Wankel LM. The importance of enjoyment to
adherence and psychological benefits from
physical activity. International Journal of Sport
Psychology. 1993 Apr.
13. Remmers T, Sleddens EF, Kremers SP, Thijs C.
Moderators of the relationship between physical
activity enjoyment and physical activity in children. Journal of Physical Activity and Health.
2015 Aug 1; 12(8):1066-73.
14. Hagger MS, Chatzisarantis NL. Intrinsic
motivation and self-determination in exercise
and sport. Human Kinetics; 2007.
15. Gao Z, Newton M, Carson RL. Students’
motivation, physical activity levels, & healthrelated physical fitness in middle school physical
education. Middle Grades Research Journal.
2008 Dec 1; 3(4):21-39.
16. Frömel K, Formánková S, Sallis JF. Physical
activity and sport preferences of 10 to 14 year
old children: A 5 year prospective study. Acta
Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis.
Gymnica. 2002 Feb; 32(1):11-6.
17. Coulter M, Woods CB. An exploration of
children’s perceptions and enjoyment of schoolbased physical activity and physical education.
Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2011 Jul
1; 8(5):645-54.
18. Jekauc D, Voelkle M, Wagner MO, Mewes N,
Woll A. Reliability, validity, and measurement
invariance of the German version of the physical
activity enjoyment scale. Journal of pediatric
psychology. 2013 Jan 1; 38(1):104-15.
19.
20. Kendzierski D, DeCarlo KJ. Physical Activity
Enjoyment Scale: Two validation
studies. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology.
1991; 13(1):50–64.
21. Motl RW, R. K Dishman, Saunders R,
Dowda M, Felton G, Pate RR. Measuring
enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls.
American Journal of Preventive
Medicine. 2001; 21(2):110-7.
22. Csikszentmihalyi, M. Flow: The Psychology of
Optimal Experience. New York: Harper
Perennial. 1990.
23. Moore JB, Yin Z, Hanes J, Duda J, Gutin B,
Barbeau P. Measuring enjoyment of physical
activity in children: validation of the physical
activity enjoyment scale. Journal of Applied
Sport Psychology. 2009; 21(1): 29-116.
24. Sherry, JL. Flow and Media Enjoyment.
Communication Theory. 2004; 14(4), 328-347.
25. Kimiecik, JC, Harris, AT. What Is Enjoyment?
A conceptual/definitional analysis with
implications for sport and exercise psychology.
Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1996; 18,
237-263.
26. Kapsner, J. C. Enjoyment. In S. J. Lopez (Eds.)
Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology, (pp. 337-
338). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2009.
27. Kahneman D. Objective Happiness. In D.
Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.). WellBeing: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology,
(pp. 3-25). New York: Russell Sage Found. 1999.
28. Waterman, AS. Two conceptions of
happiness: contrasts of personal expressiveness
(eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology. 1993; 64,
678–91.
29. Ryan, RM., Deci, EL. Self-determination
theory and the facilitation of intrinsic
motivation, social development, and well-being.
American psychologist. 2000; 55(1), 68.
30. Eisenmann JC. Insight into the causes of the
recent secular trend in pediatric obesity:
common sense does not always prevail for
complex, multi-factorial phenotypes. Preventive
medicine. 2006 May 1; 42(5):329-35.
31. Kriska A. Physical activity and the prevention
of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sports medicine.
2000 Mar 1; 29(3):147-51