1. Brand S, Kalak N, Gerber M, Clough PJ, Lemola
S, Sadeghi Bahmani D, et al. During early to mid
adolescence, moderate to vigorous physical
activity is associated with restoring sleep,
psychological functioning, mental toughness and
male gender. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(5):426–34.
2. Sells SB, Cattell RB. Personality and Motivation
Structure and Measurement. Am J Psychol
[Internet]. 1958 Sep;71(3):620.
3. Jones G. What Is This Thing Called Mental
Toughness? An Investigation of Elite Sport
Performers. J Appl Sport Psychol [Internet]. 2002
Jan 30;14(3):205–18.
4. Gucciardi DF, Gordon S, Dimmock JA. Towards
an Understanding of Mental Toughness in
Australian Football. J Appl Sport Psychol
[Internet]. 2008 Jul 18;20(3):261–81.
5. Clough P, Earle K SD. Mental toughness: The
concept and its measurement. Solut Sport
Psychol. 2002;32–43.
6. Horsburgh VA, Schermer JA, Veselka L, Vernon
PA. A behavioural genetic study of mental
toughness and personality. Pers Individ Dif
[Internet]. 2009 Jan;46(2):100–5.7. Pedersen MT, Vorup J, Nistrup A, Wikman JM,
Alstrøm JM, Melcher PS, et al. Effect of team
sports and resistance training on physical
function, quality of life, and motivation in older
adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports [Internet]. 2017
Aug;27(8):852–64.
8. Clancy RB, Herring MP, MacIntyre TE,
Campbell MJ. A review of competitive sport
motivation research. Psychol Sport Exerc
[Internet]. 2016;27:232–42.
9. Chen LH, Wu C-H, Chang J-H. Gratitude and
Athletes’ Life Satisfaction: The Moderating Role
of Mindfulness. J Happiness Stud [Internet].
2017 Aug 10;18(4):1147–59.
10. Mafini C, Dlodlo N. The relationship between
extrinsic motivation, job satisfaction and life
satisfaction amongst employees in a public
organisation. SA J Ind Psychol [Internet]. 2014
Feb 7;40(1):1–13.
11. Valois RF, J.Zullig K, Huebner ES, Drane JW.
Physical Activity Behaviors and Perceived Life
Satisfaction Among Public High School
Adolescents. Sch Heal. 2004;74(2):59–65.
12. Glatzer W and WZ. Lebensqualität in der
Bundesrepublik. (Quality of life in WestGermany. Frankfurt am Main Campus Verlag
[Internet]. 1984
13. Holstein BE, Ito H, Due P. [Physical exercise
among school children. A nation-wide
sociomedical study of 1,671 children 11-15 years
of age]. Ugeskr Laeger [Internet].
1990;152(38):2721—2727.
14. Gucciardi DF, Hanton S, Mallett CJ.
Progressing measurement in mental toughness:
A case example of the Mental Toughness
Questionnaire 48. Sport Exerc Perform Psychol
[Internet]. 2012;1(3):194–214.
15. Coulter TJ, Mallett CJ, Singer JA. A subculture
of mental toughness in an Australian Football
League club. Psychol Sport Exerc [Internet]. 2016
Jan;22:98–113.
16. Sohrabi M, Abedanzadeh R, Shetab N,
Parsaei S JH. The Relationship between
Psychological Well-being and Mental toughness
in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of Physical
Activity. Iran J Ageing. 2017;11(4):538–49.
17. Colleges C, King D. Examining the Roles of
Motivation and Parental Support in Division III
College Sports : Understanding Leadership
Emergence. 2018;
18. Moharamzadeh M, Kashef M AM.
Motivation, Satisfaction and Burnout of
Volunteers in Sport. Sport Manag. 1388;1:51–6.
19. Batista, Marco | Lercas, Afonso | Santos,
Jorge | Honório, Samuel | Serrano, João | Petrica
J. Practice motivation and life satisfaction of
athletes of team sports: Comparative study
between adapted and regular sport. J Hum Sport
Exerc 2019, 14(Proc1) S20-S29. 2019;
20. Jin L, Wang CDC. International students ’
attachment and psychological well-being : the
mediation role of mental toughness. Couns
Psychol Q [Internet]. 2016;5070(October):0.
21. Moreno-murcia JA, Belando N, Huéscar E,
Torres MD. de Psicología Social support , physical
exercise and life satisfaction in women. Rev
Latinoam Psicol [Internet]. 2017;49(3):194–202.
22. Gucciardi D. Mental Toughness in Sport.
Ment Toughness Sport. 2012.
23. Bentler PM CC. Practical issues in structural
modeling. Sociol Methods Res. 1987;16(1):78–
117.
24. Harmison B. Mental Toughness in Sport
Questionnaire-50. James Madison Univ. 2012.
25. Gillham E, Gillham AD BD. Competitive
Motivational Styles Questionnaire (CMSQ):
Development and preliminary validation.
Manuscr Submitt to Sport Psychol. 2012.
26. Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S.
The Satisfaction With Life Scale. J Pers Assess
[Internet]. 1985 Feb 10;49(1):71–5.
27. Crust L. A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications
for future researchers. Pers Individ Dif [Internet].
2008 Nov;45(7):576–83.
28. Mahoney JW, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N,
Mallet CJ. Mental Toughness in Sport :
Motivational Antecedents and Associations With
Performance and Psychological Health.
2014;281–92.
29. Wilson D, Bennett E V., Mosewich AD,
Faulkner GE, Crocker PRE. “The zipper effect”:
Exploring the interrelationship of mental
toughness and self-compassion among Canadian
elite women athletes. Psychol Sport Exerc
[Internet]. 2019;40(April 2018):61–70.
30. Gucciardi DF, Hanton S, Fleming S. Are
mental toughness and mental health
contradictory concepts in elite sport? A narrative
review of theory and evidence. J Sci Med Sport
[Internet]. 2017;20(3):307–11.
31. Sheard M. Mental toughness: The mindset
behind sporting achievement. Routledge. 2012.
32. Tenenbaum G, Eklund RC E. Handbook of
sport psychology. John Wiley Sons. 2007.
33. Gut E, Gilham A, & Burton D. Competitive
Motivational Styles Questionnaire (CMSQ):
Development and preliminary validation.
Manuscr Submitt to Sport Psychol. 2012.