تأثیر تصویرسازی ذهنی پتلپ (ثابت و متغیّر) بر حسِ حرکتِ مهارت پرتاب آزاد بسکتبال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

3 گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران. گروه رفتار حرکتی و روان‌شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش نیمه تجربی، بررسی تأثیر تصویرسازی ذهنی پتلپ (ثابت و متغیّر) بر حس حرکت بازیکنان مبتدی بسکتبال بود. بطور هدفمند 75 نفر با امتیاز تصویرسازی ذهنی 55- 45 و بدون سابقه پرتاب آزاد بسکتبال انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در پنج گروه 15 نفری تصویرسازی ذهنی پتلپ ثابت، تصویرسازی ذهنی پتلپ ثابت همراه با تمرین بدنی ثابت، تصویرسازی ذهنی متغیّر، تصویرسازی ذهنی متغیّر همراه با تمرین بدنی متغیّر و کنترل قرار گرفتند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات، از پرسش‌نامه‌ی توانایی تصویرسازی ذهنی (هال و مارتین، 1997)، آزمون تنظیم زاویه‌ی دست برتر ژوکوفسکی (1389)، آزمون کنترل نیروی دست برتر آبلاکووا (1990) استفاده شد. پروتکل تمرینی شامل 8 جلسه به مدت 8 روز متوالی صورت گرفت و در نهایت پس-آزمون به عمل آمد. بعد از طبیعی بودن داده‌ها و برابری واریانس‌ها، داده‌ها با روش آماری تحلیل واریانس یک راهه و آزمون تعقیبی توکی تحلیل شدند. نتایج آزمون‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین تمامی گروه‌ها در مؤلفه‌های حس حرکت نشان داد. گروه‌های تمرین تصویرسازی متغیّر در مقایسه با گروه‌های تمرینی ثابت خطای حس حرکت کمتری داشتند. با توجه به یافته‌های این پژوهش پیشنهاد می‌شود تصویرسازی ذهنی پتلپ متغیّر در کنار تمرین بدنی متغیّر جهت بهبود حس حرکت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of PETTLEP Mental Imagery (Constant and Variable) on Kinesthesia in Basketball Free Throws

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Naderi 1
  • Alireza Bahrami 2
  • Dariush Khajavi 3
1 Department of Physical Education and Sports Science,, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
3 Department of motor Behavior and Sport Psychology. Faculty of Sport Sciences. Arak University. Arak. Iran. Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Purpose: The aim of the Semi-empirical study was to investigate the effect of mental imagery PETTLEP (Constant and variable) on kinesthesia in basketball free throw.
Methods: The targeted 75 patients with a score of 45-55 imagery and had no history of basketball free throw were selected and were divided in 5 groups, each of 15; control, mental imagery PETTLEP Constant, group mental imagery PETTLEP Constant combined with physical exercise Constant, group imagery PETTLEP of the variable, group mental imagery PETTLEP variable combined with physical exercise variables. To collect data was used in the Movement Imagery Questionnaire – Revised (MIQ-R), angle adjustment Test, and force control Test top hand. Exercise protocol, eight sessions were conducted for eight days. At the end, taken post-test. After Data normality and equality of variances, the result have been surveyed by analysis of variance, Tukey test.
Results: The results of hypothesis declared that there is a significant difference between practice groups in Components kinesthesia. Results showed that groups imagery PETTLEP of the variable Was Reduce kinesthesia errors to groups mental imagery PETTLEP Constant.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study suggested that imagery PETTLEP of the variable used along with exercise variables for Reduce kinesthesia errors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mental Imagery
  • PETTLEP Model
  • Exercise Constant and Variables
  • Kinesthesia

مراجع

  1. Sariati D, Zouhal H, Hammami R, Clark CC, Nebigh A, Chtara M, Hackney AC, Souissi N, Granacher U, Ben Ounis O. Association between mental imagery and change of direction performance in young elite soccer players of different maturity status. Frontiers in psychology. 2021 Jun 10;12:665508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665508
  2. McNeil DG, Spittle M, Mesagno C. Imagery training for reactive agility: Performance improvements for decision time but not overall reactive agility. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2021 May 4;19(3):429-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2019.1696866
  3. Taneja K, Zutshi K, Ram CS, Solanki A. Effect of mental imagery coupled with plyometric on vertical jump and agility. Journal of Advanced Research in Psychology & Psychotherapy (E-ISSN: 2581-5822). 2019 Dec 24;2(1):3-11. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3494-5665
  4. Holmes PS, Collins DJ. The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. Journal of applied sport psychology. 2001 Jan 1;13(1):60-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200109339004
  5. Smith D, Wright CJ, Cantwell C. Beating the bunker: The effect of PETTLEP imagery on golf bunker shot performance. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 2008 Sep 1;79(3):385-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10599502
  6. Anuar N, Williams SE, Cumming J. Comparing PETTLEP imagery against observation imagery on vividness and ease of movement imagery. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2018 Mar 4;16(2):150-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1177104
  7. Smith D, Holmes P. The effect of imagery modality on golf putting performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2004 Sep 1;26(3):385-95. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.26.3.385
  8. Knackstedt P. Optimal timing of a PETTLEP mental imagery intervention on a dart throwing task. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; 2011.
  9. Norouzi E, Norouzi Seyed Hossini R, Afroozeh MS, Vaezmosavi M, Gerber M, Puehse U, Brand S. Examining the effectiveness of a PETTLEP imagery intervention on the football skill performance of Novice athletes. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity. 2019 Oct 9;14(1):20180010. https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2018-0010
  10. Lang PJ. The cognitive psychophysiology of emotion: Fear and anxiety. InAnxiety and the anxiety disorders 2019 Jan 22 (pp. 131-170). Routledge.
  11. Ramirez FR, Smith D, HOLMES P. Pettlep Imagery and video-observation: A motivation case study of four badminton players Pettlep and intrinsic motivated badminton performance. Polish Journal of Sport & Tourism. 2010;17:239-44.
  12. Afrouzeh M, Sohrabi M, Torbati HR, Gorgin F, Mallett C. Effect of PETTLEP imagery training on learning of new skills in novice volleyball players. Life Science Journal. 2013 Jan 12;10(1):231-8.
  13. Smith R. Movement Learning and Performance from principles to practice. Namazizadeh M. Vaez Mousavi K. vole 1. Tarbiat Moalem. Print 1, 1996. 259-300. (In Persian).
  14. Maslovat D, Chua R, Lee TD, Franks IM. Contextual interference: single task versus multi-task learning. Motor control. 2004 Apr 1;8(2):213-33. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.8.2.213
  15. Magill RA, Hall KG. A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition. Human movement science. 1990 Sep 1;9(3-5):241-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(90)90005-X
  16. Kalkhoran F, The effects of implicit interference in learning in the acquisition,memorization and transfer of three volleyball skills. Harekat. 2008, 38:8(2):221-238. In Persian
  17. Nodehi-Moghadam A, Nasrin N, Kharazmi A, Eskandari Z. A comparative study on shoulder rotational strength, range of motion and proprioception between the throwing athletes and non-athletic persons. Asian journal of sports medicine. 2013;4(1):34.‏ https://doi.org/10.5812%2Fasjsm.34528
  18. Arab-Ameri E, Estiri Z. The Effect Of Constant And Variable Practices On Retention And Transfer Of Overhand Throwing Accuracy In Pre-School Children. Development and Motor Learning. 2013 October;12(2):33-46. In Persian
  19. Shea CH, Lai Q, Wright DL, Immink M, Black C. Consistent and variable practice conditions: Effects on relative and absolute timing. Journal of motor behavior. 2001 Jun 1;33(2):139-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222890109603146
  20. Rosker J, Sarabon N. Kinaesthesia and methods for its assessment: literature review. Sport Science Review. 2010 Dec1;19(5-6):165.
  21. Samain-Aupic L, Ackerley R, Aimonetti JM, Ribot-Ciscar E. Emotions can alter kinesthetic acuity. Neuroscience Letters. 2019 Feb 16;694:99-103.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.053
  22. Souza FA, Franciulli PM, Bigongiari A, Araújo RC, Pozzo R, Amadio AC, Mochizuki L. The effect of fatigue and visual feedback on submaximal isometric muscle contractions. InISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive 2007 Dec12.
  23. Moradi M. Mohammadinejad, M. Bahram, A. Jabari Nougabi, M. Qashoni, M. (2023). The Effect of Attention Instructions on kinesthesia of memory, Alpha and Theta Wave Changes and Bimanual Coordination Task: A Neuro-Behavioral Analysis. Sports Psychology, 2023 October 3(1), 1-20. In Persian

  10.29252/mbsp.2022.224010.1059

  1. Salehi M. Mohammadzadeh, H. Nazari, M-A. The effect of neurofeedback training on the performance and retention of dart throwing skills. Sports Psychology, 2012 October 1:5(1),0-0. In Persian
  2. Coombes SA, Corcos DM, Pavuluri MN, Vaillancourt DE. Maintaining force control despite changes in emotional context engages dorsomedial prefrontal and premotor cortex. Cerebral cortex. 2012 Mar 1;22(3):616-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr141
  3. Moradi M, Ghorbani A, Yazdanpanah M, Javan Eghbal Tajeddin G, Bahrami A. Relationship between trait and state anxiety with force control and accommodation of dominant hand’s angle in male students. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2015 Dec 10;3(4):29-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.3.4.29
  4. Smith D, Romano-Smith S, Wright DJ, Deller-Rust B, Wakefield CJ. The effects of combining PETTLEP imagery and action observation on bicep strength: a single-case design. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2020 Jul 3;32(4):377-91. ‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2018.1560372
  5. Kazennikov O, Solopova I, Talis V, Ioffe M. Anticipatory postural adjustment: the role of motor cortex in the natural and learned bimanual unloading. Experimental brain research. 2008 Mar;186:215-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-1224-5
  6. Rostami M, Rahnama N, Khayambashi Kh, Sohrabi M, Bombay Chi E, Sobhra P. The effect of guided imagery on range of motion and proprioception of male athletes with knee injuries, Olympic Quarterly. 2013 Jan 20:2(58):49-58. In Persian
  7. Shafipour A, Shojauddin S. Comparison of the sense of knee joint position in football, volleyball and non-athlete men. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2013 16(3):33-42. In Persian
  8. Hall CR, Martin KA. Measuring movement imagery abilities: a revision of the movement imagery questionnaire. Journal of mental imagery.1997. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-04645-004
  9. Bahrami, A. the relationship between mental imagery ability and the sense of movement of adult taekwondo players of national teams, the 7th International Conference on New Researches in Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Hamedan. 2023 In Persian
  10. Cherappurath N, Elayaraja M, Kabeer DA, Anjum A, Vogazianos P, Antoniades A. PETTLEP imagery and tennis service performance: an applied investigation. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity. 2020 Jan 1;15(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2019-0013
  11. Daneshjoo A, Mokhtar AH, Rahnama N, Yusof A. The effects of comprehensive warm-up programs on proprioception, static and dynamic balance on male soccer players. PloS one. 2012 Dec 12;7(12):e51568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051568
  12. Hübscher M, Zech A, Pfeifer K, Hänsel F, Vogt L, Banzer W. Neuromuscular training for sports injury prevention: a systematic review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2010 Mar 1;42(3):413-21.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b88d37
  13. McLeod TC, Armstrong T, Miller M, Sauers JL. Balance improvements in female high school basketball players after a 6-week neuromuscular-training program.Journalofsport rehabilitation. 2009Nov1;18(4):465-81. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.18.4.465
  14. Tod D, Iredale F, Gill N. ‘Psyching-up’and muscular force production. Sports Medicine. 2003 Jan;33:47-58. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200333010-00004
  15. Anuar N, Williams SE, Cumming J. Do the physical and environment PETTLEP elements predict sport imagery ability?. European journal of sport science. 2017 Nov 26;17(10):1319-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1377290
  16. Robazza C, Bortoli L, Nougier V. Physiological arousal and performance in elite archers: A field study. European psychologist. 1998 Dec;3(4):263-70.‏ https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.3.4.263
  17. Weinberg RS, Hunt VV. The interrelationships between anxiety, motor performance and electromyography. Journal of Motor behavior. 1976 Sep 1;8(3):219-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1976.10735075
  18. Zandi, H. G., & Heris, D. M. The effect of PETTLEP and traditional mental imagery on handball triple shooting in novice and professional adolescent handball players. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2020 , 1(5):1-14 In Persian ‏

 

روانشناسی ورزش
دوره 17، شماره 2
بهمن 1404
صفحه 199-216

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 شهریور 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 مهر 1402

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار