Explaining Defeat and Entrapment based on Cognitive Flexibility in Athlete and Non-Athlete Students of Iran Medical Sciences University

Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی

Authors

1 Ph.D sport psychology, Department of of Human Sciences, International University of Imam Reza, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Ph.D Student in Sport Management, Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Tehran Branch (Tehransar), Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Ph.D Student in Sport Management, Department of Humanities Sciences, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: perceptions of defeat and entrapment appear to be strong risk factors for the psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to explain defeat and entrapment based on cognitive flexibility in athlete and non-athlete students.
Methods: Sample of this study was 100 men students (50 athlete and 50 non-athlete students) of Iran medical sciences university. Participants completed defeat, entrapment, and cognitive flexibility questionnaires.
Results: The result of regression indicated that controllable and explanations for human behavior subscales negatively predicted the total score of defeat. And also controllable, alternative solutions, and explanations for human behavior subscales negatively predicted the total score of entrapment. The results also indicated that there is a significant difference between athlete and non-athlete students in view of defeat, entrapment, and cognitive flexibility.
Conclusion: So cognitive flexibility with a focus on sport programs can reduce the defeat and entrapment in students. Overall, these findings have been suggesting that perceptions of defeat and entrapment may be important in diagnosing psychological processes which require greater clinical and research attention.

Keywords

References

  1. Rohde P. (2001). The relevance of hierarchies, territories, defeat for depression in humans: hypotheses and clinical predictions. Journal of affective disorders. Aug 31;65(3):221-30.
  2. Nesse R. (1998). Emotional disorders in evolutionary perspective. British Journal of Medical Psychology. Dec 1;71(4):397-415.
  3. Gilbert P. (2000). Varieties of submissive behavior as forms of social defense: Their evolution and role in depression; .

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History

  • Receive Date: 09 October 2017
  • Revise Date: 10 February 2021
  • Accept Date: 31 December 2020

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