The‌ Effect of Forgiveness Training on Perception of Failure on Volleyball Players

Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی

Authors

1 Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran

2 Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Back ground and purpose: When failure happens, forgiveness is a way to admit the failure in order to increase individual and social growth and also prevent motivation decrease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forgiveness training program on perception of failure.

Material and method: This study was practical quasi-experimental and had pre-test, post-test, control group with intervals. Participants were 24 volleyball players in level two league in Isfahan who were chosen non-randomly but grouped randomly into controlled and experimental groups. The instruments for gathering the data were HFS (heartland forgiveness scale) and SASS (sport attritional style scale). In this study, descriptive statistics were used to determine central tendency (mean) and statistical dispersion (standard deviation) and Shapiro-Wilk Test to determine if the data was normal and to analyze the research hypothesis, T-test was used for independent group. All the data was analyzed using SPSS (P ≤0.05).

Result: The results of this study showed that forgiveness training had significant effect on failure perception with internal-external attributional style (0.02), instability-stability (00.00) and global-specific (0.005). But it didn’t have any significant effects on other subscales. Conclusion: Forgiveness training, therefor, is likely to replace athlete's perception of failure with external- internal, instability-stability and global-specific subscales.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1.  

    1. Bahrami, A., Characteristics of sports psychologists. 2016, University of Arak.
    2. Cowden, R.G. and E.L. Worthington Jr, Overcoming failure in sport: A self-forgiveness framework. 2019.
    3. Yao, S., et al., Mediator roles of interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness between self-esteem and subjective well-being. Current Psychology, 2017. 36(3): p. 585-592.
    4. poor, A.A.g. and D. Khajavi, Levels Motivation and Reasons Success and Failure of Elite and Sub-Elite Female Athletes in Individual Sports. Researches in sport management and motor behavior, 2017. 7(13): p. 13-23.
    5. Bigdeli, H. and A. Madadi, An Investigation of the Relationships between Self-Efficacy and Attributional Styles in University Students. Journal of educational psychology, 2013. 9(29): p. 47-68.
    6. Afkhami, I., F. Bahrami, and M.F. zadeh, A Correlational Study On Couples' Forgiveness And Marital Conflicts In Yazd Province. Journal of family research, 2007.
    7. Raj, P., C. Elizabeth, and P. Padmakumari, Mental health through forgiveness: Exploring the roots and benefits. Cogent Psychology, 2016. 3(1): p. 1153817.
    8. Thompson, L.Y., et al., Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of personality, 2005. 73(2): p. 313-360.
    9. Akhtar, S. and J. Barlow, Forgiveness therapy for the promotion of mental well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2018. 19(1): p. 107-122.
    10. Zoljanahi, E., et al., Investigating Sport Attributional Style, Sport Self-Efficacy, and Creativity in Elite Team Athletes. Iranian Journal Of Psychiatry And Behavioral Sciences, 2018. 12(3).
    11. Asgari, M., H. Alizadeh, and M. Kazemi, The Effectiveness Of Training Forgiveness Therapy On Controlling Anger Of Students. Journal of psychology achievement.
    12. Enright, R.D., Piaget on the moral development of forgiveness: Identity or reciprocity? Human Development, 1994. 37(2): p. 63-80.
    13. Rainey, C.A., Are individual forgiveness interventions for adults more effective than group interventions? A meta-analysis. 2008: The Florida State University.
    14. Sweeton, J. and B. Deerrose, Causal attributions: A review of the past and directions for the future. The new school psychology bulletin, 2009. 7(1): p. 31-41.
    15. Weiner, B., An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Reviews, 92, 548-573. Weiner54892Psychological Review1985, 1985.
    16. Huennekens, A.O. and J.-L. Kotze, Mark Anshel's in praise of failure: the value of overcoming mistakes in sports and in Life. Journal of Sport Behavior, 2017. 40(1): p. 128-130.
    17. Dimon, B., Ravanshenasi varzesh baraye morabbian. 1398, Tehran: Elm o Harekat. 425.
    18. Hanrahan, S.J., J.R. Grove, and J.A. Hattie, Development of a questionnaire measure of sport-related attributional style. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1989.
    19. Cox, R.H. and R.H. Cox, Sport psychology: Concepts and applications. 2002.
    20. Rotter, J.B., Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A case history of a variable. American psychologist, 1990. 45(4): p. 489.
    21. Försterling, F., Attributional retraining: A review. Psychological bulletin, 1985. 98(3): p. 495.
    22. Alm, C., The role of causal attribution and self-focused attention for shyness. 2006, Linköping University Electronic Press.
    23. Coffee, P. and T. Rees, Main and interactive effects of controllability and generalisability attributions upon self-efficacy. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2008. 9(6): p. 775-785.
    24. Martin-Krumm, C.P., et al., Explanatory style and resilience after sports failure. Personality and individual differences, 2003. 35(7): p. 1685-1695.
    25. Hasanzadeh, Z., M. Mazaheri, and M. Khosravi, Relationship Between Attribute Style And Sense Of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Zabol university, 2011. 3(1): p. -.