Sports Psychology

Sports Psychology

Effect of Constraint-Led and Game Sense Education Approaches on Visual Search in Girls Aged 10-11 Years Old: A Study Using Naive-Local Games

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mina Keshavarz 1
Hasan MohammadZadeh 2
1 MSc of Motor Behavior, Physical Education and Sport Science Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Motor Behavior and sport management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
10.48308/mbsp.2022.227613.1126
Abstract
Purpose: In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the evolution of physical education teaching from a traditional teacher-centered approach to a student-centered approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Constraint-led and game sense approaches on visual search in girls aged 10-11 years old using native-local games.
Methods This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test that was performed in the field. Fifty-five girl students (aged 10-11 years) were randomly divided into two groups: hybrid Constraint-led/game sense and traditional. Subjects practiced for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 1 hour per session according to the educational approach of their group. Caglab software was used to evaluate visual search.
Results: The results of Mixed ANOVA showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the hybrid group. It can be said that 90% of the changes in children's visual search were influenced by their education based on the hybrid approach. While in traditional education, no significant effect was observed in the relevant variable.
Conclusion: It is important for schools' teachers to support students in effectively implementing hybrid approaches in the school environment. Opportunities should be provided to enable students to develop their conceptual understanding of constraint-led and game sense teaching based on a nonlinear approach.
 

Highlights

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  2. Ashari ZM, binti Hushairi NA. Teacher’s perception towards play-based pedagogy to promote cognitive and social skills amongst preschoolers with learning disabilities. 2018 IEEE 10th International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED); 2018: IEEE. 10.1109/ICEED.2018.8626936
  3. Bruner JS, Jolly A, Sylva K. Play: Its role in development and evolution: Penguin; 1976.
  4. Gopnik A. The gardener and the carpenter: What the new science of child development tells us about the relationship between parents and children: Macmillan; 2016.
  5. Fathirezaie Z, Yousefi E, Eskandarnejad M. The effect of activity in Organized and Unorganized space on characterizes of Perception and cognition among children 7-10 years old. Sports Psychology. 2019;4(2):47-60. In Persian https://doi.org/10.29252/mbsp.4.2.47
  6. Froebel F. Revival: Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel (1915): Routledge; 2018.
  7. Mohammadi Oranghi B, Ghadiri F, Aghdasi M, Yaali R. The Effect of Local Indigenous Games on Motor proficiency in Elementary School Boys in Tehran with High and Low Emotional Intelligence. Motor Behavior, 2021;13(43):85-100. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2019.6435.1719
  8. Rao Z, Chen H. Teachers’ perceptions of difficulties in team teaching between local-and native-English-speaking teachers in EFL teaching. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 2020;41(4):333-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1620753
  9. Thalib SB, Ahmad MA. The Outdoor Learning Modules Based on Traditional Games in Improving Prosocial Behaviour of Early Childhood. International Education Studies. 2020;13(10):88-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n10p88
  10. Lengkana AS. Kontribusi belajar lompat katak dan engklek terhadap penampilan teknik lompat jauh gaya jongkok di sekolah dasar. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara (Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan). 2018;1(2):149-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/hon.v1i2.1975
  11. Dubnewick M, Hopper T, Spence JC, McHugh T-LF. “There’sa cultural pride through our games”: Enhancing the sport experiences of Indigenous youth in Canada through participation in traditional games. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 2018;42:207-26. 10.1177/0193723518758456
  12. Wolfe JM, Gray W. Guided search 4.0. Integrated models of cognitive systems. 2007:99-119.
  13. Chan LK, Hayward WG. Feature integration theory revisited: dissociating feature detection and attentional guidance in visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 2009;35(1):119-32. doi/10.1037/0096-1523.35.1.119
  14. Chow JY, Davids K, Button C, Renshaw I. Nonlinear pedagogy in skill acquisition: An introduction: Routledge; 2015.
  15. Hewitt M, Pill S. Informing Game Sense Pedagogy with a Constraints-Led Perspective for Teaching Tennis in School. Ágora para la Educación Física y el Deporte. 2018;20(1):46-67. https://doi.org/10.24197/aefd.1.2018.46-67
  16. Bessa C, Hastie P, Ramos A, Mesquita I. What actually differs between traditional teaching and sport education in students’ learning outcomes? A critical systematic review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2021;20(1):110. http://dx.doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.110
  17. da Silva RMR. Teaching Physical Education through student-centered approaches: A year-long action research study of an early-career teacher. 2022. Ph.D Thesis
  18. Renshaw I, Headrick J, Maloney M, Moy B, Pinder R. Constraints-led learning in practice: Designing effective learning environments. Skill Acquisition in Sport: Routledge; 2019. p. 163-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351189750-9
  19. Davids K, Button C, Bennett S. Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints-led approach: Human kinetics; 2008.
  20. Newell K. Constraints on the development of coordination. Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control. 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4460-2_19
  21. Gibson JJ. The ecological approach to visual perception: classic edition: Psychology press; 2014.
  22. Goodway JD, Ozmun JC, Gallahue DL. Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2019.
  23. Casey A, MacPhail A. Adopting a models-based approach to teaching physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 2018;23(3):294-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1429588
  24. Thorpe R, Bunker D. From theory to practice: two examples of an understanding approach to the teaching of games. Bulletin of Physical Education. 1982;18(1):9-15.
  25. Pill S. Perspectives on Game-based Coaching: Routledge; 2021.
  26. Alizadeh L, Mohammadzadeh H. The Effects of Game Sense Pedagogy on Decision Making, Supporting and Implementing Basketball Skills in Female Students. Sports Psychology. 2021;1400(2):73-87. In Persian https://doi.org/10.48308/mbsp.6.2.73
  27. Light RL. Positive Pedagogy for physical education and sport: Game Sense as an example. Contemporary developments in games teaching. 2013:41-54.
  28. Stran M, Sinelnikov O, Woodruff E. Pre-service teachers’ experiences implementing a hybrid curriculum: Sport education and teaching games for understanding. European Physical Education Review. 2012;18(3):287-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336X12450789
  29. Hastie PA, Curtner-Smith MD. Influence of a hybrid Sport Education—Teaching Games for Understanding unit on one teacher and his students. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy. 2006;11(01):1-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17408980500466813
  30. Wong H, Liu D, Yan Z. Using low-level sensory mechanism to bootstrap high order thinking in EFL reading. CogSci; 2019.
  31. Treisman AM, Gelade G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive psychology. 1980;12(1):97-136. 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5
  32. Tanil CT, Yong MH. Mobile phones: The effect of its presence on learning and memory. PloS one. 2020;15(8):e0219233. https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0219233
  33. Fifić M, Townsend JT, Eidels A. Studying visual search using systems factorial methodology with target—distractor similarity as the factor. Perception & psychophysics. 2008;70(4):583-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pp.70.4.583
  34. ZamaniSani SH, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Fathirezaie Z, Hadidi Y, Brand S. Higher symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and younger age were associated with faster visual perception, but not with lower traffic violations. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour. 2019;66:419-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.09.010
  35. Mulya G. The Influence of Traditional Games on The Motor Development of Students with Disabilities. Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora. 2020;8(1):1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icece-17.2018.41
  36. Moy B, Renshaw I, Pavey T. Impact of the constraints-led approach on students’ motor performance. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020;20(6):Article number: 4533345-3353. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.06453
  37. Ibrahim MF, Siong GK-CN. The Application of Teaching Games for Understanding Using the Traditional Games (TGfU) for Teaching Physical Education for Special Needs Children in Malaysia. Pest Practices, 2021, 287-298.

38. Kinnerk P, Harvey S, MacDonncha C, Lyons M. A review of the game-based approaches to coaching literature in competitive team sport settings. Quest. 2018;70(4):401-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2018.1439390

Keywords
Nonlinear Approach
Hybrid Approaches
Attention
Students
Traditional Games
Subjects
  1. Mbachi RA, Enemuo JO, Chigbo-Obasi TU. Perceived influence of play on learning activities among pupils in anambra state. Journal of Early Childhood and Primary Education. 2020;2(1):49-60.
  2. Ashari ZM, binti Hushairi NA. Teacher’s perception towards play-based pedagogy to promote cognitive and social skills amongst preschoolers with learning disabilities. 2018 IEEE 10th International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED); 2018: IEEE. 10.1109/ICEED.2018.8626936
  3. Bruner JS, Jolly A, Sylva K. Play: Its role in development and evolution: Penguin; 1976.
  4. Gopnik A. The gardener and the carpenter: What the new science of child development tells us about the relationship between parents and children: Macmillan; 2016.
  5. Fathirezaie Z, Yousefi E, Eskandarnejad M. The effect of activity in Organized and Unorganized space on characterizes of Perception and cognition among children 7-10 years old. Sports Psychology. 2019;4(2):47-60. In Persian https://doi.org/10.29252/mbsp.4.2.47
  6. Froebel F. Revival: Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel (1915): Routledge; 2018.
  7. Mohammadi Oranghi B, Ghadiri F, Aghdasi M, Yaali R. The Effect of Local Indigenous Games on Motor proficiency in Elementary School Boys in Tehran with High and Low Emotional Intelligence. Motor Behavior, 2021;13(43):85-100. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2019.6435.1719
  8. Rao Z, Chen H. Teachers’ perceptions of difficulties in team teaching between local-and native-English-speaking teachers in EFL teaching. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 2020;41(4):333-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1620753
  9. Thalib SB, Ahmad MA. The Outdoor Learning Modules Based on Traditional Games in Improving Prosocial Behaviour of Early Childhood. International Education Studies. 2020;13(10):88-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n10p88
  10. Lengkana AS. Kontribusi belajar lompat katak dan engklek terhadap penampilan teknik lompat jauh gaya jongkok di sekolah dasar. Halaman Olahraga Nusantara (Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan). 2018;1(2):149-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/hon.v1i2.1975
  11. Dubnewick M, Hopper T, Spence JC, McHugh T-LF. “There’sa cultural pride through our games”: Enhancing the sport experiences of Indigenous youth in Canada through participation in traditional games. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 2018;42:207-26. 10.1177/0193723518758456
  12. Wolfe JM, Gray W. Guided search 4.0. Integrated models of cognitive systems. 2007:99-119.
  13. Chan LK, Hayward WG. Feature integration theory revisited: dissociating feature detection and attentional guidance in visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 2009;35(1):119-32. doi/10.1037/0096-1523.35.1.119
  14. Chow JY, Davids K, Button C, Renshaw I. Nonlinear pedagogy in skill acquisition: An introduction: Routledge; 2015.
  15. Hewitt M, Pill S. Informing Game Sense Pedagogy with a Constraints-Led Perspective for Teaching Tennis in School. Ágora para la Educación Física y el Deporte. 2018;20(1):46-67. https://doi.org/10.24197/aefd.1.2018.46-67
  16. Bessa C, Hastie P, Ramos A, Mesquita I. What actually differs between traditional teaching and sport education in students’ learning outcomes? A critical systematic review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2021;20(1):110. http://dx.doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.110
  17. da Silva RMR. Teaching Physical Education through student-centered approaches: A year-long action research study of an early-career teacher. 2022. Ph.D Thesis
  18. Renshaw I, Headrick J, Maloney M, Moy B, Pinder R. Constraints-led learning in practice: Designing effective learning environments. Skill Acquisition in Sport: Routledge; 2019. p. 163-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351189750-9
  19. Davids K, Button C, Bennett S. Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints-led approach: Human kinetics; 2008.
  20. Newell K. Constraints on the development of coordination. Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control. 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4460-2_19
  21. Gibson JJ. The ecological approach to visual perception: classic edition: Psychology press; 2014.
  22. Goodway JD, Ozmun JC, Gallahue DL. Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2019.
  23. Casey A, MacPhail A. Adopting a models-based approach to teaching physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 2018;23(3):294-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1429588
  24. Thorpe R, Bunker D. From theory to practice: two examples of an understanding approach to the teaching of games. Bulletin of Physical Education. 1982;18(1):9-15.
  25. Pill S. Perspectives on Game-based Coaching: Routledge; 2021.
  26. Alizadeh L, Mohammadzadeh H. The Effects of Game Sense Pedagogy on Decision Making, Supporting and Implementing Basketball Skills in Female Students. Sports Psychology. 2021;1400(2):73-87. In Persian https://doi.org/10.48308/mbsp.6.2.73
  27. Light RL. Positive Pedagogy for physical education and sport: Game Sense as an example. Contemporary developments in games teaching. 2013:41-54.
  28. Stran M, Sinelnikov O, Woodruff E. Pre-service teachers’ experiences implementing a hybrid curriculum: Sport education and teaching games for understanding. European Physical Education Review. 2012;18(3):287-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336X12450789
  29. Hastie PA, Curtner-Smith MD. Influence of a hybrid Sport Education—Teaching Games for Understanding unit on one teacher and his students. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy. 2006;11(01):1-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17408980500466813
  30. Wong H, Liu D, Yan Z. Using low-level sensory mechanism to bootstrap high order thinking in EFL reading. CogSci; 2019.
  31. Treisman AM, Gelade G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive psychology. 1980;12(1):97-136. 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5
  32. Tanil CT, Yong MH. Mobile phones: The effect of its presence on learning and memory. PloS one. 2020;15(8):e0219233. https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0219233
  33. Fifić M, Townsend JT, Eidels A. Studying visual search using systems factorial methodology with target—distractor similarity as the factor. Perception & psychophysics. 2008;70(4):583-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pp.70.4.583
  34. ZamaniSani SH, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Fathirezaie Z, Hadidi Y, Brand S. Higher symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and younger age were associated with faster visual perception, but not with lower traffic violations. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour. 2019;66:419-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.09.010
  35. Mulya G. The Influence of Traditional Games on The Motor Development of Students with Disabilities. Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora. 2020;8(1):1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icece-17.2018.41
  36. Moy B, Renshaw I, Pavey T. Impact of the constraints-led approach on students’ motor performance. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020;20(6):Article number: 4533345-3353. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.06453
  37. Ibrahim MF, Siong GK-CN. The Application of Teaching Games for Understanding Using the Traditional Games (TGfU) for Teaching Physical Education for Special Needs Children in Malaysia. Pest Practices, 2021, 287-298.

38. Kinnerk P, Harvey S, MacDonncha C, Lyons M. A review of the game-based approaches to coaching literature in competitive team sport settings. Quest. 2018;70(4):401-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2018.1439390

Sports Psychology
Volume 16, Issue 1
2024
Pages 172-189

  • Receive Date 15 June 2022
  • Revise Date 02 September 2022
  • Accept Date 20 October 2022