Effect of Training under Pressure on Resilience and Motor Performance in Female Athletes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MS of Motor Learning and Control, University of Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: Resilience is a positive psychological capacity that helps people recover and bounce back when faced with stressful situations. One of the ways to increase resilience and manage stress is to expose people to stressful situations. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of training under pressure on the resilience and motor coordination of female athletes.
Methods: A total of 23 women athletes from the premier karate league were selected by the available sampling method and then randomly divided into two experimental (12 people) and control (11 people) groups. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire was used to measure resilience, and the Vienna test system was used to evaluate bimanual coordination. Training under pressure was done in intervention sessions with anxiety caused by the presence of spectators, and a prize was determined for the best performance.
Results: The results of the research showed that high-pressure exercises bring a significant improvement in resilience in female athletes, and on the other hand, performing coordination exercises under pressure improves the movement coordination of female athletes.
Conclusion: Under pressure training and the application of psychological stressors enhance resilience and improve athletes' performance. It can be recommended as an integral part of athletes' training sessions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Craft LL, Magyar TM, Becker BJ, Feltz DL. The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and sport performance: A meta-analysis. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2003;25(1):44–65.
  2. Daviu N, Bruchas MR, Moghaddam B, Sandi C, Beyeler A. Neurobiological links between stress and anxiety. Vol. 11, Neurobiology of Stress. Elsevier Inc; 2019.
  3. Cox RH, Martens MP, Russell WD. Measuring Anxiety in Athletics: The Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Vol. 25, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2003.
  4. Oluwatoyin Jaiyeoba BM, Oguntuase SB, Ogunsanya JO, Adereti AA. The Role of Resilience on Stress and Recovery of Elite Athletes in Nigeria. Athens J Sport. 2022:1–14.
  5. Sarkar M, Fletcher D. Psychological Resilience in Sport Performers: 8 A Review of Stressors and Protective Factors.
  6. Morgan PBC, Fletcher D, Sarkar M. Defining and Characterizing Team Resilience in Elite Sport.
  7. Fletcher D, Sarkar M. Running head: A review of psychological resilience 1 1 2 3 4 psychological resilience: A Review and Critique of Definitions, Concepts and Theory
  8. Codonhato R, Vissoci JRN, Do Nascimento Junior JRA, Mizoguchi MV, Fiorese L. Impact of resilience on stress and recovery in athletes. Rev Bras Med do Esporte. 2018 Sep;24(5):352–6.
  9. Sanni Z, Phillips D, Member D, Walden J, Member, Fry AC. Examining Collegiate Athletes’ Psychological Resilience to Their Rehabilitation Belief, Effectiveness and Adherence Processes. 2019.
  10. Pedro SDG. Exploring resilience in sports. Coach’s autonomy support and athletes engagement-a contribute to literature. Cuad Psicol del Deport. 2018;18(1):151–60.
  11. Eskandarnejad M, FathiRezaie Z, Majidi M. Relationship between Diligence, Anger Rumination, Resilience, and Mental Health of Archers. Sport Psychol [Internet]. 2024;16(1):150–71. Available from: https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102595.html
  12. Oudejans RRD, Pijpers JR. Training with anxiety has a positive effect on expert perceptual-motor performance under pressure. Q J Exp Psychol. 2009;62(8):1631–47.
  13. Galli N, Vealey RS. “Bouncing Back” From Adversity: Athletes’ Experiences of Resilience. Vol. 22, The Sport Psychologist. 2008.
  14. Driskell T, Sclafani S, Driskell JE. Reducing the effects of game day pressures through stress exposure training. J Sport Psychol Action. 2014;5(1):28–43.
  15. Hill Y, Van Yperen NW, Den Hartigh RJR. Facing Repeated Stressors in a Motor Task: Does it Enhance or Diminish Resilience? J Mot Behav. 2021;53(6):717–26.
  16. Campbell-Sills L, Stein MB. Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress. 2007 Dec;20(6):1019–28.
  17. Keyhani M, Taghvaei D, Rajabi A, Amirpour B. Internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among nursing female. Iran J Med Educ. 2015;14(10):857–65.
  18. Ong NCH. The use of the Vienna Test System in sport psychology research: A review. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2015;8(1):204–23.
  19. Houtman ILD, Bakker FC. The anxiety thermometer: a validation study. J Pers Assess. 1989;53(3):575–82.
  20. Codonhato R, Rubio V, Pereira Oliveira PM, Resende CF, Martins Rosa BA, Pujals C, et al. Resilience, stress and injuries in the context of the Brazilian elite rhythmic gymnastics. PLoS One. 2018 Dec;13(12).
  21. García-León MÁ, Pérez-Mármol JM, Gonzalez-Pérez R, del Carmen García-Ríos M, Peralta-Ramírez MI. Relationship between resilience and stress: Perceived stress, stressful life events, HPA axis response during a stressful task and hair cortisol. Physiol Behav. 2019;202:87–93.
  22. Hajipour M, eynypour javad. The effectiveness of resilience training on the cognitive flexibility of taekwondo women. Sport Psychol [Internet]. 2021;13(2):157–68. Available from: https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101801.html
  23. Wilson M. From processing efficiency to attentional control: a mechanistic account of the anxiety–performance relationship. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008;1(2):184–201.
  24. Robins M, Davids K, Bartlett R, Wheat JS. Effects of attentional strategies, task expertise and anxiety on coordination of a discrete multi-articular action. In: ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive. 2007.
  25. Higuchi T. Disruption of kinematic coordination in throwing under stress. Jpn Psychol Res. 2000;42(3):168–77.
  26. Arifin A, Marani IN, Jauhari M. The effect of eye-hand coordination, kinesthetic perception and anxiety on the results archery scoring of athlete u-12 west jakarta. Gladi J Ilmu Keolahragaan. 2022;13(1):76–87.
Sports Psychology
Volume 17, Issue 1
2025
Pages 229-248

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 19 February 2025
  • Accept Date: 20 June 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics