Aim: The Purpose of the present study was to determine psychometric properties of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire in athletes. Method: In this descriptive study which carried out by survey, 255 athletes from 4 men's and 3 women's clubs in Fars province were selected by cluster sampling. Result: Findings from rotated factor matrix indicated two factors of goal orientation that marshaled “task and ego orientations” which determine 38.05% for men and 39.01% for women from total variance explained of goal orientation. Data were indicative of satisfaction level of Cronbach’s alpha (respectly in men and women .55 and .72) and split-half (respectly in men and women .46 and .59) reliability coefficients of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire totally. The convergent validity of the questionnaire was between .34 and .79. Conclution: the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire is qualified to assesse achievement striving of young athletes.
ابوالقاسمی, عباس، و آریاپوران, سعید. (1385). ارتباط راهبردهای مقابله ای، جهتگیری هدف و اضطراب رقابتی با عملکرد ورزشی دانشجویان ورزشکار گروهی و انفرادی. پژوهش در علوم ورزشی،13، 141-155.
دودا، جی.ال. (1993). پرسشنامه تکلیفگرایی و خودمداری در ورزش. ترجمه اعظم حسین نژاد. تهران: آزمون یار پویا، 1388.
دلاور، علی. (1385). روش تحقیق در روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی. ویرایش چهارم. تهران: نشر ویرایش.
عطاییفر, ربابه.، و شقاقی, فرهاد. (1389). رابطه جهتگیری هدف، یادگیری خودتنظیم با پیشرفت تحصیلی در دانش آموزان دختر سال سوم رشته های ریاضی-فیزیک و علوم انسانی. فصلنامه تعلیم و تربیت، 106، 49-65.
هاشمی, زهرا،, و خیر, محمد. (1387). بررسی رابطه ابعاد فراشناخت عاطفی و جهتگیری هدف. فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی روانشناسی دانشگاه تبریز، 3 (11), 127-150.
Bakirtzoglou, Panteleimon, & Ioannou, Panagiotis. (2011). Goal orientations, motivational climate and dispositional flow in Greek secondary education students participating in physical education lesson: Differences based on gender. Physical Education and Sport, 9(3), 295-306.
Baser, Burcu, Bayar, Perican, & Ghorbanzadeh, Behrouz. (2013). A determination of goal orientation in respect to the age categories and gender volleyball players in relation to their success. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1), 81-84.
Bollen, Kenneth A. (2005). Structural Equation Models Encyclopedia of Biostatistics: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Castillo, Isabel, Tomas, Ines, Balaguer, Isabel, Fonseca, Antonio M., Dias, Claudia, & Duda, Joan L. (2010). The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire: Testing for Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Spanish and Portuguese Adolescents. International Journal of Testing, 10(1), 21-32.
Duda, Joan L. (in press). After-school sport for children: Implications of a task-involving motivational climate In J. L. Mahoney, J. Eccles & R. Larson (Eds.): Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
Duda, Joan, & Nicholls, John. (1992). Dimensions of Achievement Motivation in Schoolwork and Sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290-299.
Duda, Joan L., & White, Sally A. (1992). Goal Orientations and Beliefs about the Causes of Sport Success among Elite Skiers. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 334-343.
Duda, Joan L. (1989). Relationship between task and ego orientation and the perceived purpose of sport among high school athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 318-335.
Duda, Joan L. (1988). the relationship between goal perspectives, persistence and behavioral intensity among male and female recreational sport participants. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 10(2), 95-106.
Hanrahan, Stephanie J., & Cerin, Ester. (2009). Gender, level of participation, and type of sport: Differences in achievement goal orientation and attributional style. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(4), 508-512.
Hanrahan, Stephanie, & Biddle, Stuart. (2002). Measurement of achievement orientations: Psychometric measures, gender, and sport differences. European Journal of Sport Science, 2(5), 1-12.
Kilpatrick, Marcus, Bartholomew, John B., & Riemer, Harold. (2003). the measurement of goal orientations in exercise. Journal of sport behavior, 26(2), 121-136.
Kim, B.J., & Gill, D.L. (1997). A cross-cultural extension of goal perspective theory to Korean youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 142-155.
Kline, Rix. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York, London: Guilford Press.
Majzub, Rohaty, & Muhammad, Tajul Ariffin. (2011). Goal Orientation and Achievement of Junior in Golfers Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15(0), 1644-1649.
Malete, Leapetswe (2006). Goal Orientations, Sport Ability, Perceived Parental Influences and Youths’ Enjoyment of Sport and `Physical Activity in Botswana. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 18(2), 89-107.
Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
Nicholls, John G., Cheung, Ping Chung, Lauer, Janice, & Patashnick, Michael. (1989). Individual differences in academic motivation: Perceived ability, goals, beliefs, and values. Learning and Individual Differences, 1(1), 63-84.
Ricciardi, Antonio Adrian (2012). Prediction of exercise adherence with goal orientations and motivational climate (the Degree of Master of Science), Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado.
Toros, Turhan, Akyüz, Umut, Bayansalduz, Mehmet, & Soyer, Fikret (2010). Examining the relationship between task-and ego-oriented goals and life satisfaction (A study of people doing mountaineering sports). Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi [Bağlantıda], 7(2), 1039-1050.
White, S. A., Kavassanu, M., Tank, K. M., & Wingate, J. M. (2004). Perceived parental beliefs about the causes of success in sport: Relationship to athletes’ achievement goals and personal beliefs. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 14, 57-66.
Rahmanian, Z., Vaez Mousavi, M. K., & Sohrabi, M. (2016). Psychometric Properties of Goal Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. Sports Psychology, 8(2), 85-95.
MLA
Zahedeh Rahmanian; Mohammad Kazam Vaez Mousavi; Mehdi Sohrabi. "Psychometric Properties of Goal Orientation in Sport Questionnaire", Sports Psychology, 8, 2, 2016, 85-95.
HARVARD
Rahmanian, Z., Vaez Mousavi, M. K., Sohrabi, M. (2016). 'Psychometric Properties of Goal Orientation in Sport Questionnaire', Sports Psychology, 8(2), pp. 85-95.
VANCOUVER
Rahmanian, Z., Vaez Mousavi, M. K., Sohrabi, M. Psychometric Properties of Goal Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. Sports Psychology, 2016; 8(2): 85-95.