Effectiveness of Mindfulness Exercises on Theory of Mind in Adolescent Female Chess Players

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MSc of Clinical Psychology, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.

3 MSc of Sport psychology, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of mindfulness exercises on theory of mind in adolescent female chess players.
Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used, with pre-test and post-test measurements. Thirty female chess players from East Azarbaijan province were selected using convenience sampling. Participants completed the Happe Mind Theory Questionnaire (1994) and were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which underwent 8 sessions of 45-minute mindfulness exercises, or a control group, which did not participate in any educational activities. Both groups completed the Happe Mind Theory Questionnaire (1994) again after the training sessions, and analysis of covariance was used to compare the groups at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The results indicated that mindfulness exercises had a positive and significant effect on theory of mind in adolescent female chess players.
Conclusion: This study suggests that mindfulness training can enhance theory of mind and cognitive abilities in chess players.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Faubert J, Sidebottom L. Perceptual-cognitive training of athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2012; 6(1): 85-102.
  2. van de Water T, Huijgen B, Faber I, Elferink-Gemser M. Assessing cognitive performance in badminton players: a reproducibility and validity study. Journal of human kinetics. 2017; 55(1): 149-59. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0014
  3. Frewen PA, Evans EM, Maraj N, Dozois DJ, Partridge K. Letting go: Mindfulness and negative automatic thinking. Cognitive therapy and research. 2008; 32(6): 758-74. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10608-007-9142-1
  4. Kaufman KA, Glass CR, Pineau TR. Mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE). Handbook of Mindfulness-Based Programmes: Routledge; 2019: 173-90.
  5. Bernier M, Thienot E, Codron R, Fournier JF. Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2009; 3(4): 320-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.320
  6. Nejati V, Zabihzadeh A, Nikfarjam M. The relationship between mindfulness and sustained and selective attention functions. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 2(2). In Persian
  7. Mozafari Zadeh M, Heidari F, Khabiri M. Effectiveness of Mindfulness and Acceptance Training on Reducing Sport Injury Anxiety and Improving Performance of Soccer Players. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2019; 8(1): 95-108. In Persian 10.22037/jrm.2018.111232.1851
  8. Zadkhosh SM, Gharayagh Zandi H, Hemayattalab R. The Effects of Mindfulness on Anxiety Decrease and Athletic Performance Enhancement of Young Football Players. Sport Psychology Studies. 2019; 8(27): 41-54. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22089/spsyj.2019.3167.1325
  9. Altgassen M, Vetter NC, Phillips LH, Akgün C, Kliegel M. Theory of mind and switching predict prospective memory performance in adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2014; 127: 163-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.03.009
  10. O'Connor AM, Evans AD. The role of theory of mind and social skills in predicting children’s cheating. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2019; 179: 337-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.018
  11. Movahed A, Abasi Z, Eftekhari Z. The Effectiveness of chess training on improving visual memory and attention in boy students of fifth grade elementary school. Journal of Research in Elementary Education. 2021; 3(6): 1-14. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26765500.1400.3.5.3.5
  12. Doherty M. Theory of mind: How children understand others' thoughts and feelings: Psychology Press; 2008.
  13. Haghighati F, Pak R, Bafandeh H. Comparing the executive function and cognitive flexibility and theory of mind in foster and non-foster children. Rooyesh. 2019; 8(3): 29-36. In Persian http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2383353.1398.8.3.17.7
  14. Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clinical psychology: Science and practice. 2003; 10(2): 125-143. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1093/clipsy.bpg015
  15. Kiyani R, Derakhshani E. Investigating the effect of of neurofeedback training on the accuracy and concentration of professional chess players. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 2021, 17-34. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22080/jsmb.2021.14497.2898
  16. Wang Y, Lei SM, Fan J. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Promoting Athletic Performance and Related Factors among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 22;20(3):2038. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph20032038
  17. Goodman FR, Kashdan TB, Mallard TT, Schumann M. A brief mindfulness and yoga intervention with an entire NCAA Division I athletic team: An initial investigation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. 2014; 1(4): 339-56. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/cns0000022
  18. Creswell JD, Pacilio LE, Lindsay EK, Brown KW. Brief mindfulness meditation training alters psychological and neuroendocrine responses to social evaluative stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014; 44: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.007
  19. Salehi M, Saemi E, Doustan MR. Effectiveness of waiting for training on executive functions and learning pot golf impact skills. Sports Psychology. 2022; 1401(1): 31-44. In Persian https://doi.org/10.48308/mbsp.2021.210011.0
  20. Ostadian Kumar Olia A, Aghababa A. The effect of mindfulness training on self-efficacy and fear of negative evaluation of female volleyball students. Exercise Psychology. 2022; 1401(1): 17-30 In Persian https://doi.org/10.48308/mbsp.2021.208041.0
  21. Hofmann SG, Heinrichs N. Differential Effect of Mirror Manipulation on Self-Perception in Social Phobia Subtypes. Cognit Ther Res, 2003, 27(2):131-142. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023507624356
  22. 2 Eslami Chehrazi Z, Ghorbani M, Aghaei A. Relationship between Parenting Styles with Theory of Mind and Machiavellian Beliefs in Fourth and Fifth Grade Students of Elementary School in Isfahan (2011-2012). Journal of Social Cognition. 2013; 2(1): 34-43. In Persian
  23. Kabat-Zinn J, Massion AO, Kristeller J, Peterson LG, Fletcher KE, Pbert L, Lenderking WR, Santorelli SF. Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1992; 149(7): 936-43. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.7.936
  24. Taklavi S; Sadeghi M. The role of theory of mind, brain-behavioral systems and social problem solving in predicting social anxiety of elementary school students. International Journal of School Psychology. 2018; 7(3): 173-181.
  25. Kabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R. The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. Journal of behavioral medicine. 1985; 8(2): 163-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00845519
  26. Nader Pilerud M, Sohrabi F; Hossein Sabet F. Effectiveness of theory of mind training on promotion of deaf student children's theory of mind and social skills. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2017; 4(4): 51-60. In Persian
  27. Shahhosseini M, Sabahi P, Makvand Hosseini Sh, Golmohammadi B. Effectiveness of mindfulness sport performance enhancement (MSPE) on attention, planning and sport performance of elite Judoka. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2020; 7(2): 37-52. In Persian
  28. 2 Rahmanian Z, VaezMousavi M. The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Sport and Exercise Performance. Sport Psychology Studies. 2013; 2(5): 13-26. In Persian
  29. 2 Ghasemi F, Karimi M, Dabaghi P. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness - ased Cognitive Therapy on the quality of life in Women with reast Cancer. Journal of Nurse and Physician within War. 2018; 6(20): 51-59. In Persian
  30. Gardner FL, Moore ZE. The psychology of enhancing human performance: The mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) approach: Springer Publishing Co; 2007.
  31. Kee YH, Chatzisarantis NN, Kong PW, Chow JY, Chen LH. Mindfulness, movement control, and attentional focus strategies: effects of mindfulness on a postural balance task. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2012; 34(5): 561-79. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.5.561
  32. Cardaciotto L. Assessing mindfulness: The develop of a bi-dimensional measure of awareness and acceptance Doctoral dissertation. University of Drexel, USA. 2005.
  33. 3 Batmaz S, Ulusoy Kaymak S, Kocbiyik S, Turkcapar MH. Metacognitions and emotional schemas: a new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression. Compr Psychiatry. 2014; 55(7):1546-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.016
  34. Onur O. Emotional schemas: A new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. European Psychiatry. 2017; 41: 243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.016
  35. Dryden W, Crane R. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Distinctive features: Routledge; 2017.
  36. Sabouri Sh, Nazari MA, Feizi Derakhshi MR, Hashemi T. The effectiveness of mindfulness meditation on the time perception and brain waves using a temporal bisection task in the student population. Advances in Cognitive Sciences. 2022; 23(4): 33-47. In Persian

http://dx.doi.org/10.30514/icss.23.4.33

  1. Pourmohamadi S, Bagheri F. Effectiveness of mindfulness training on problem solving between elementary girl students in fifth grade. Shenakht Journal of Psychology & Psychiatry. 2014; 1(1): 50-61.
Sports Psychology
Volume 16, Issue 1
2024
Pages 190-204

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 May 2022
  • Revise Date: 19 July 2022
  • Accept Date: 09 September 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics