Prediction of Marital Disaffection in Female Athletes Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.A. in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

2 M.A. in Family Counseling, Department of Psychology, Alborz University, Abyek, Qazvin, Iran.

3 Ph.D. Student in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed to predict marital disaffection based on early maladaptive schemas with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation among female athletes.
Methods: In terms of purpose, this research was applied, and in terms of method, it was a descriptive correlational study conducted using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all professional female athletes residing in the city of Qom in 2023. Among them, 320 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. The research instruments included the Kayser Marital Disaffection Scale (1996), the Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (1998), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire developed by Garnefski et al. (2001). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.  
Results: The results indicated that marital disaffection in married women was predicted by early maladaptive schemas (β=0.40, P<0.001). Furthermore, marital disaffection was predicted based on early maladaptive schemas through the mediating role of maladaptive (Z=4.11, P<0.001) and adaptive (Z=3.73, P<0.001) cognitive emotion regulation strategies.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that early maladaptive schemas, through the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation, can predict marital disaffection among professional female athletes. Accordingly, attention to emotion regulation skills training and schema focused interventions, alongside psychological support programs for professional female athletes, may help reduce marital disaffection and improve their mental health and family quality of life.
 

Keywords


  1. Abbas J, Aqeel M, Abbas J, Shaher B, Sundas J, Zhang W. The moderating role of social support for marital adjustment, depression, anxiety, and stress: Evidence from Pakistani working and nonworking women. J Affect Disord. 2019;244:231–238. doi:1016/j.jad.2018.07.071
  2. Zhang C, Liang Y. The impact of education level on marital satisfaction: Evidence from China. Soc Sci Humanit Open. 2023;7(1):100487. doi:1016/j.ssaho.2023.100487.
  3. Jafari A, Alami A, Charoghchian E, Delshad Noghabi A, Nejatian M. The impact of effective communication skills training on the status of marital burnout among married women. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1):231. doi:1186/s12905-021-01372-8.
  4. Vieira C, Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Early maladaptive schemas and behavioural addictions: A systematic literature review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2023;105:102340. doi:1016/j.cpr.2023.102340.
  5. Tariq A, Quayle E, Lawrie SM, Reid C, Chan SWY. Relationship between early maladaptive schemas and anxiety in adolescence and young adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021;295:1462–1473. doi:1016/j.jad.2021.09.031
  6. Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. 1st ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2006.
  7. Asadpour E, Karimi A, Amini M. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital conflict and burnout among female nurses. North Khorasan Univ Med Sci J. 2020;12(3):23–30. In Persian
  8. Zadeh Mohammadi A, Kordestanchi Aslani H. The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and spousal abuse. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2020;4(103):502–523.
  9. Mitchell E, Rosario-Williams B, Yeshchenko I, Miranda R. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies among emerging adults with different self-harm histories. J Affect Disord Rep. 2023;14:100638. doi:1016/j.jadr.2023.100638.
  10. Hasani J, Emadi Chashmi SJ, Zakiniaeiz Y, Potenza MN. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire‑short (CERQ‑P‑short): Reliability, validity, factor structure, treatment sensitivity, and measurement invariance. J Psychiatr Res. 2024;170:1‑10. doi:1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.011.
  11. Pirayeh Z. Predicting emotion regulation based on early maladaptive schemas in adolescents (case study: high school students in Karaj during the 2019–2020 academic year). Q J New Ideas Psychol. 2022;12(16):1–10. In Persian
  12. Emadi S, Mirhashemi M, Sharifi HP. A structural model for predicting marital burnout based on sensation seeking, perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of resilience in married women. J Psychol Sci. 2020;19(92):1111–1122. In Persian
  13. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 4th ed. New York (NY): Guilford Press; 2016.
  14. Kayser K. The Marital Disaffection Scale: An inventory for assessing emotional estrangement in marriage. Am J Fam Ther. 1996;24(1):83–88. doi:1080/01926189508251019.
  15. Sadati SE, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Soudani M. Validity, reliability, and factor analysis of the Kayser Marital Disaffection Scale. In: Proceedings of the First National Congress of Family Psychology: A Step Toward Designing the Optimal Family Model; 2014; Iran. In Persian
  16. Young JE. Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (YSQ-SF, YSQ-S, YSQ) [database record]. Washington (DC): APA PsycTests; 1998.
  17. Sedoughi Z, Aguilar‑Vafayi M, Rasoulzadeh‑Tabatabaei K, Esfahaniyan N. Factor analysis of the short form of the Young Schema Questionnaire in a non‑clinical Iranian sample. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2008;14(2):214–219. In Persian
  18. Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven P. Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and depression. Pers Individ Dif. 2001;30:1311–1327.
  19. Hasani J. Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. J Clin Psychol. 2011;3(7):73–83. In Persian
  20. Bach B, Lockwood G, Young JE. A new look at the schema therapy model: Organization and role of early maladaptive schemas. Cogn Behav Ther. 2018;47(4):328‑349. doi:1080/16506073.2017.1410566.
  21. Calvete E, Estévez A, López de Arroyabe E, Ruiz P. The schema questionnaire–short form: Structure and relationship with automatic thoughts and symptoms of affective disorders. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2005;21(2):90‑99. doi:1027/1015-5759.21.2.90.
  22. Saariaho T, Saariaho A, Karila I, Joukamaa M. Early maladaptive schemas in Finnish adult population: Associations with psychopathology. J Affect Disord. 2009;112(1‑3):245‑252. doi:1016/j.jad.2008.03.024.
  23. Riso LP, du Toit PL, Stein DJ, Young JE, editors. Cognitive schemas and core beliefs in psychological problems: A scientist‑practitioner guide. Washington (DC): American Psychological Association; 2007.
  24. Van Vreeswijk M, Broersen J, Nadort M. The Wiley‑Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research, and practice. Chichester (UK): Wiley‑Blackwell; 2012.
  25. Arntz A, van Genderen H. Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder. Chichester (UK): Wiley‑Blackwell; 2009.
  26. Van Vreeswijk M, Broersen J, Nadort M, editors. The Wiley‑Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research, and practice. Chichester (UK): Wiley‑Blackwell; 2012.