تاثیر یک دوره مداخله ذهن_آگاهی کوتاه مدت بر عملکرد تحت فشار، اضطراب حالتی_رقابتی و اجرای روان بازیکنان نوآموز پسر بدمینتون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم رفتاری، شناختی و فناوری ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی ، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران

2 گروه علوم رفتاری، شناختی و فناوری ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، ایران

چکیده

اگرچه مطالعات مربوط به ذهن اگاهی در ورزش رشد قابل ملاحظه ای داشته اما بررسی مداخلات کوتاه مدت در این حیطه به ندرت انجام گرفته است. بر این اساس هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر یک دوره مداخله ذهن آگاهی کوتاه مدت بر عملکرد تحت فشار، اضطراب حالتی_رقابتی و اجرای روان بازیکنان نوآموز پسر بدمینتون بود. شرکت کنندگان براساس جایگزینی تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش (15نفر) و گروه کنترل مداخله نما(15نفر) تقسیم شدند. در ادامه طی دو جلسه هر جلسه 20 دقیقه گروه آزمایش مداخله آموزش تمرینات ذهن_آگاهی را بر طبق بخش یک و دو پروتکل MAC را دریافت کردند. گروه کنترل مداخله نما نیز دقیقا همین تعداد جلسه با محتوای جلسات شامل مروری بر تاریخچه، قوانین و برخی تجزیه و تحلیل های بدمینتون بود. پس از پایان دوره مداخله، پس آزمون از عملکرد تحت فشار، اضطراب حالتی _رقابتی و همچنین اجرای روان از هر دو گروه گرفته شد. نتایج نشان دهنده کاهش معنی دار اضطراب حالتی_رقابتی، بهبود معنی دار اجرای روان و افزایش معنی دار عملکرد تحت فشار در گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با پیش آزمون و قبل از اجرای مداخله و نسبت به گروه کنترل بود (p.>/05) این تغییرات معنی دار در گروه آزمایش پس از انجام آزمون پیگیری دو ماهه نیز حفظ شد. این پژوهش علاوه بر این حمایت از تأثیر مداخله یک دوره ذهن _آگاهی کوتاه مدت بر عملکرد تحت فشار و همچنین کاهش اضطراب حالتی_رقابتی ورزشکاران این نوع مداخله را برای تأثیر طولانی مدت در ورزشکاران نیز مناسب می داند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of a Short-Term Mindfulness Intervention Course on Performance under Pressure, Competitive-State Anxiety and Flow State of Novice Male Badminton Players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Motesharei 1
  • Mahin Aghdaei 2
  • Fariborz Bikdelou 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Purpose Although studies on mindfulness in sports have grown considerably, short-term interventions in this area have rarely been investigated. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a short-term mindfulness intervention on performance under pressure, competitive state anxiety, and fluency in novice male badminton players.
Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=15) and sham intervention control group (n=15). Subsequently, during two sessions of 20 minutes each, the experimental group received mindfulness training according to sections one and two of the MAC protocol. The sham intervention control group received exactly the same number of sessions, with the content of the sessions including a review of the history, rules, and some analysis of badminton. After the end of the intervention period, post-tests on performance under pressure, competitive state anxiety, and fluency were administered to both groups.
Results The results showed a significant reduction in competitive state anxiety, a significant improvement in fluid performance, and a significant increase in performance under pressure in the experimental group compared to the pre-test and before the intervention and compared to the control group (p.>/05). These significant changes in the experimental group were maintained after the two-month follow-up test.
Conclusion: In addition to supporting the effect of a short-term mindfulness intervention on performance under pressure and reducing competitive state anxiety in athletes, this type of intervention is also suitable for long-term effects in athletes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Short-Term Mindfulness Intervention
  • Performance Under Pressure
  • Novice
  • Flow State
  • Competitive-State Anxiety
  1.  

     

     

    1. Zarei Bid Sorkhi A, Parnian Y, Roshan Bakhti A, Sakinpoor A. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety symptoms, depression, and cognitive flexibility in young adults with forward head posture and rounded shoulders. Sport Psychology, 2024,16(2), 1-15. In Persian

     https://doi.org/10.48308/mbsp.2022.224178.1060

    1. Asghari, M., Kiani, R., & Ghahremani, M. (2024). Effectiveness of mindfulness exercises on theory of mind in adolescent female chess players. Sport Psychology, 16(1),190-204. https://doi.org/10.48308/mbsp.2022.227058.1114
    2. Zeidan F, Grant JA, Brown CA, McHaffie JG, Coghill RC. Mindfulness meditation-related pain relief: evidence for unique brain mechanisms in the regulation of pain. Neuroscience letters. 2012, 520(2):165-73.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.082

    1. Gardner FL. The psychology of enhancing human performance: The mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) approach. Nova Science Publishers, Inc; 2007.
    2. Kaufman KA, Glass CR, Pineau TR. Mindful sport performance enhancement: Mental training for athletes and coaches. American Psychological Association; 2018. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0000048-000
    3. Jon Kabat-Zinn, University of Massachusetts Medical Center/Worcester. Stress Reduction Clinic. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Delta; 1990.
    4. Gardner FL, Moore ZE. A mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations. Behavior therapy. 2004 ;35(4):707-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80016-9
    5. Gardner F, Moore Z. Clinical sport psychology: Human kinetics [Internet]. 2006.
    6. Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. Guilford press; 2011.
    7. Wolanin AT, Schwanhausser LA. Psychological functioning as a moderator of the MAC approach to performance enhancement. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2010; 4(4):312-22. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.4.312
    8. Goodman FR, Kashdan TB, Mallard TT, Schumann M. A brief mindfulness and yoga intervention with an entire NCAA Division I athletic team: An initial investigation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. 2014;1(4):339. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/cns0000022
    9. Zhang CQ, Si G, Chung PK, Gucciardi DF. Mindfulness and burnout in elite junior athletes: The mediating role of experiential avoidance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2016, 28(4):437-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162223
    10. Ivarsson A, Johnson U, Andersen MB, Fallby J, Altemyr M. It pays to pay attention: A mindfulness-based program for injury prevention with soccer players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2015;27(3):319-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1008072
    11. Baumeister RF, Showers CJ. A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests. European Journal of Social Psychology. 1986;16(4):361-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420160405
    12. Humara M. The relationship between anxiety and performance: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. Athletic Insight. 1999 Sep;1(2):1-4.
    13. Mozafari zadeh, M., Heidari, F., Khabiri, M. Effectiveness of Mindfulness and Acceptance Training on Reducing Sport Injury Anxiety and Improving Performance of Soccer Players. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2019; 8(1): 95-108. In Persian

    https://doi.org/10.22037/jrm.2018.111232.1851

    1. Weinberg RS, Gould D. Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Human kinetics; 2023 Mar 3.
    2. Csikszentmihalyi M. Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-bass; 2000.
    3. Jackson SA, Eklund RC, Martin AJ. The FLOW manual: The manual for the flow scales. Mind Garden, Incorporated; 2010.
    4. Carter L, River B, Sachs ML. Flow in Sport, Exercise, and Performance: A Review with Implications for Future Research. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (1947-2900). 2013 1;5(3).1-12.
    5. Aherne C, Moran AP, Lonsdale C. The effect of mindfulness training on athletes’ flow: An initial investigation. The Sport Psychologist. 2011;25(2):177-89. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.25.2.177
    6. Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment. 2006 Mar;13(1):27-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
    7. Bernier M, Thienot E, Codron R, Fournier JF. Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. Journal of clinical sport psychology. 2009 Dec 1;3(4):320-33. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.320
    8. Cathcart S, McGregor M, Groundwater E. Mindfulness and flow in elite athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2014 Jun 1;8(2):119-41. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0018
    9. Kaufman KA, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB. Evaluation of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE): A new approach to promote flow in athletes. Journal of clinical sport psychology. 2009 Dec 1;3(4):334-56. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.334
    10. Salmon P, Hanneman S, Harwood B. Associative/dissociative cognitive strategies in sustained physical activity: Literature review and proposal for a mindfulness-based conceptual model. The Sport Psychologist. 2010 Jun 1;24(2):127-56. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.2.127
    11. Schwanhausser L. Application of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) protocol with an adolescent springboard diver. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2009;3(4):377-95. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.377
    12. Bishop SR, Lau M, Shapiro S, Carlson L, Anderson ND, Carmody J, Segal ZV, Abbey S, Speca M, Velting D, Devins G. Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical psychology: Science and practice. 2004;11(3):230. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1093/clipsy.bph077
    13. Thompson RW, Kaufman KA, De Petrillo LA, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB. One year follow-up of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) with archers, golfers, and runners. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2011, 1;5(2):99-116. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.5.2.99
    14. Cox RH, Martens MP, Russell WD. Measuring anxiety in athletics: the revised competitive state anxiety inventory–2. Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 2003, 25(4):519-33.

    https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519

    1. Csikszentmihalyi M. Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-bass; 2000.
    2. Jackson SA, Eklund RC. Assessing flow in physical activity: The flow state scale–2 and dispositional flow scale–2. Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 2002; 24(2):133-50. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.24.2.133
    3. Moteshareie E, Abdoli B, Vaez Mousavi MK, Farsi A. The Effect of Psychological Skills Training on Performance, Retention and Transfer under Pressure of Novice Badminton Players. Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning, 2018; 10(3): 293-326. In Persian

    https://doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2018.133863.975

    1. Perry JE, Ross M, Weinstock J, Weaver T. Efficacy of a brief mindfulness intervention to prevent athletic task performance deterioration: A randomized controlled trial. The Sport Psychologist. 2017;31(4):410-21. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0130
    2. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Macmillan; 1997.
    3. Benson H, Greenwood MM, Klemchuk H. The relaxation response: psychophysiologic aspects and clinical applications. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 1975;6(1-2):87-98.

    https://doi.org/10.2190/376W-E4MT-QM6Q-H0UM

    1. Berg KE, Latin RW. Essentials of research methods in health, physical education, exercise science, and recreation. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2008.