بهینه سازی یادگیری حرکتی دختران نوجوان از طریق حمایت خودمختاری، امیدواری تقویت شده و توجه بیرونی: آزمون نظریه یادگیری حرکتی بهینه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایرن

2 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه نسیبه، تهران، ایران

4 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف آزمون نظریه یادگیری حرکتی بهینه (بکارگیری حمایت خودمختاری، امیدواری تقویت‏شده و توجه بیرونی) در میان دختران نوجوان انجام شد. روش: از بین دختران شهر نجف‏آباد، 32 دختر با دامنه سنی 15-13 به روش نمونه‏گیری در دسترس برای فراگیری تکلیف شوت به توپ در حال حرکت انتخاب شدند. شرکت‏کنندگان پس از پیش‏آزمون به طور تصادفی به دو گروه یادگیری حرکتی بهینه و کنترل تقسیم شدند. قبل از مرحله اکتساب (5 بلوک 10 کوششی)، به دختران در گروه نخست اجازه داده شد تا قبل از هر بلوک، توپ دلخواه خود را انتخاب کنند (حمایت خودمختاری)، قبل از کوشش ششم در هر بلوک نیز از آنها خواسته ‏شد تا به مسیر حرکت توپ توجه کنند (توجه بیرونی) و پیش از بلوک اول و سوم نیز معیارهای نسبتا آسانی برای موفقیت دریافت کردند (امیدواری تقویت شده). یادگیرندگان دو روز بعد در آزمون یادداری و انتقال شرکت کردند. برای تحلیل داده‏ها از آزمون تی مستقل و تحلیل‏های واریانس مرکب در مراحل مختلف تحقیق استفاده شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد عملکرد و یادگیری گروه یادگیری حرکتی بهینه موثرتر از گروه کنترل بود. نتیجه‏گیری: این پژوهش نشان داد نظریه یادگیری حرکتی بهینه (استفاده ترکیبی از حمایت خودمختاری، امیدواری تقویت‏شده و توجه بیرونی) در میان دختران نوجوان کاربردی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimizing Motor Learning in Teenage Girls through Autonomy Support, Enhanced Expectations, and External Focus of Attention: Testing the OPTIMAL Theory of Motor Learning

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Velayati 1
  • Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi 2
  • Adeleh Ahmadinejad 3
  • Rasool Abedanzadeh 4
1 Department of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Isfahan, Iran.
2 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of sports science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Motor Behavior, Nasibe University, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose: This study aimed to test the optimal theory of motor learning (triple use of autonomy support, enhanced expectancies, and external focus of attention) among teenage girls.
Methods: Among all adolescent girls in Najafabad, 32 girls aged 13-15 years were selected using a convenient method. Participants were randomly divided into optimal learning (OL) and control groups. Prior to the acquisition phase (5 blocks of 10 trials), participants in the OL group were allowed to choose their favorite balls (autonomy support). They also received instruction regarding maintaining focus on the path of the ball (external focus) before the sixth trial of every training block. Additionally, before the first and third blocks, the children in the OL group received relatively easy criteria for success (enhanced expectancies). The participants were asked to participate in retention and transfer tests two days after the acquisition phase. Independent T-test and mixed ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results revealed that the motor performance and learning of the OL group were higher than the control group.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the theory of optimal motor learning (using autonomy support, enhanced expectancies, and external focus of attention) is relatively acceptable and applicable among girls aged 13-15 years.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal Learning
  • Acquisition
  • Girls
  • Adolescent

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http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-000077

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روانشناسی ورزش
دوره 16، شماره 1
1403
صفحه 114-131

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 اردیبهشت 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 شهریور 1401

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