نویسندگان
1
دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علو ورزشی دانشگاه تهران، تهران
2
دانشیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
3
استادیار طب ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه تهران، تهران
,
نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی
چکیده
هدف: محیط های واقعیت مجازی به عنوان مداخله ای مؤثر در آموزش مهارت های حرکتی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تأثیر تمرین واقعیت مجازی بر خودکارآمدی دانش آموزان پسر بود. روش شناسی: نمونه آماری این پژوهش را 36 نفر دانش آموز پسر تشکیل دادند که به صورت نمونه های در دسترس انتخاب شده و به سه گروه تمرین مجازی با قید عملکردی، تمرین مجازی با قید ساختاری و تمرین واقعی تقسیم شدند. پژوهش حاضر در سه جلسه پیش آزمون، تمرین و پس آزمون انجام شد. مهارت پرتاب دارت به عنوان تکلیف انتخاب شد. "پرسش نامه خودکارآمدی ویژه دارت" را دانش آموزان کامل کردند و جمع آوری شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که تمرین مجازی دارت موجب پیشرفت معنادار خودکارآمدی در دانش آموزان می شود و همچنین تفاوت معناداری بین تأثیر گروه های تمرینی بر خودکارآمدی وجود ندارد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بنابراین، سیستم واقعیت مجازی می تواند موجب پیشرفت خودکارآمدی مهارت های ورزشی شود.
- Schmidt R. A, Motor control and learning, A Behavioral Emphasis. Fifth edit. human kinetics; 2011. 582 p.
- Miles HC, Pop SR, Watt SJ, Lawrence GP, John NW. A review of virtual environments for training in ball sports. Comput Graph. 2012;36(6):714â26.
- Psotka J. Immersive training systems: Virtual reality and education and training. Instr Sci. 1995;23(5â6):405â31.
- Murray EG, Neumann DL, Moffitt RL, Thomas PR. The effects of the presence of others during a rowing exercise in a virtual reality environment. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2016;22:328â36.
- Neumann DL, Moffitt RL, Thomas PR, Loveday K, Watling DP, Lombard CL, et al. A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport. Virtual Reality. 2017;1â16.
- Reynolds JE, Thornton AL, Lay BS, Braham R, Rosenberg M. Does movement proficiency impact on exergaming performance? Hum Mov Sci. 2014;34(1):1â11.
- Slater M, Usoh M, Steed A. Depth of Presence in Virtual Environments. Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 1994;3(2):130â44.
- Pedraza-Hueso M, Martin-Calzon S, Diaz-Pernas FJ, Martinez-Zarzuela M. Rehabilitation Using Kinect-based Games and Virtual Reality. In: Procedia Computer Science. 2015;161â8.
- Hejazidinan P, Aslankhani M, Faroukhi A, Shojaee M. The effect of focous of attention instruction on kinematics and the precision of throw during dart throw learning in novice students. Mot Behav Psychol Sport. 2011;9:45â66.
- Kim SY, Prestopnik N, Biocca FA. Body in the interactive game: How interface embodiment affects physical activity and health behavior change. Comput Human Behav. 2014;36:376â84.
- Levac D, Pierrynowski MR, Canestraro M, Gurr L, Leonard L, Neeley C. Exploring childrenâs movement characteristics during virtual reality video game play. Hum Mov Sci. 2010;29(6):1023â38.
- Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. 1997
- Bandura A. Self-Efficacy. Encycl Hum Behav. 1994;4(1994):71â81.
- Bandura A. Perceived Self-Efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning Perceived Self-Efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning. Educ Psychol 28(2), 1 17-148.
- Benight CC, Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery : the role of perceived self-efficacy. 2004;42:1129â48.
- Lesani A, Shahbazi M. The effect of self-controlled practice on the performance of basketballâs free throw and girls student self-efficacy. Sport Psychol Stud. 2017;(21):61â75. (In persian).
- Sahraeyan I, Vaez mousavi M, Khabiri M. The Effects of Cooperative Learning on Adherence to Handball Exercise : Mediating Role of Sport Self-Efficacy and Enjoyment. Sport Psychol Stud. 2016;(17):27â58. (In persian).
- Vaez Mousavi, M; Abdoli, B; Mohamadzade M. The effects of instructional and motivational self-talk on self-efficacy and learning of dart throwing. J Behav Sport Psychol. 2015;12:897â906. (In persian).
- Dzewaltowski DA, Geller KS, Rosenkranz RR, Karteroliotis K. Childrenâs self-efficacy and proxy efficacy for after-school physical activity. Psychol Sport Exerc [Internet]. 2010;11(2):100â6.
- Parvinpour S, Balali M, Karimi S. The role of self-efficacy mediator in the learning advantages of dual and individual practice. Sport Psychol Stud. 2017;(22):131â44. (In persian).
- Siemon a., Wegener R, Bader F, Hieber T, Schmid U. Video Games can Improve Performance in Sports. An Empirical Study with Wii Sports Bowling. KI 2009 Proc 32nd Annu Conf Artif Intell. 2009;74.
- Jung J, Yu J, Kang H. Effects of Virtual Reality Treadmill Training on Balance and Balance Self-efficacy in Stroke Patients with a History of Falling. 2012;(4):3â6.
- Nishisaki A, Keren R. Does Simulation Improve Patient Safety ?: Self-Efficacy , Competence , Operational Performance , and Patient Safety. 2007;25:225â36.
- Craig C. Understanding perception and action in sport: How can virtual reality technology help? Vol. 6, Sports Technology. 2013. p. 161â9.
- Henderson S, Sugden D, Barnett A. Movement Assessment Battery for Children. 2007.
- Edwards WH. Motor Learning and Control: From Theory to Practice. 2010. 544 p.
- Newell KM. On task and theory specificity. J Mot Behav. 1989;21(1):92â6.
- Chang YK, Ho L. ;, Lu F.-H, Ou CC, Song TF, Gill DL. Self-talk and softball performance: The role of self-talk nature, motor task characteristics, and self-efficacy in novice softball players. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2014;15(1):139â45.
- Law B, Hall C. Observational learning use and self-efficacy beliefs in adult sport novices. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2009;10(2):263â70.
- Maddux JE. Self-Efficacy Theory. 1995; p. 3â33.
- Beattie S, Fakehy M, Woodman T. Examining the moderating effects of time on task and task complexity on the within person self-efficacy and performance relationship. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2014;15(6):605â10.
- Abdoli B, Farsi AR, Rad AA, Malekshahi M. The Relationship between Self- efficacy and Emotional Intelligence with Performance in Goalball Menâs of Premiership. Sport Psychol Stud. 2012;(2):93â104.
- Dana A, Hamzehsabzi A, Gozalzadeh A. The Structural Relationships of Coaching Efficacy, Playersâ Self- Efficacy, and Collective Efficacy in Female Professional Basketball Teams. Sport Psychol Stud. 2016;(18):111â28.
- Movahedi, A; Bahram, A; Bordbar S. The impact of different types of motivational, educational and combined self-talk on physical self-efficacy, acquisition, and learning of dart throwing task. Dev Mot Learn. 2016;8(1):127â40.
- Kulpa U, Multon F, Argelaguet F. Virtual reality & sport. ISBS-Conference. 2016;2013â6.