تاثیر مشارکت ورزشی بر بهزیستی روان‌شناختی سالمندان: نقش میانجی هویت اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر

2 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، واحد بوئین‌زهرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوئین زهرا، قزوین، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد رشته روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی ، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران

4 گروه روانشناسی، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران

چکیده

هدف: در دوره سالمندی فرد باید از نظر سلامت روانی، داشتن فعالیت‌­های اجتماعی، ارتباطات مناسب با دیگران و توانایی­‌های شناختی و حرکتی در وضعیت قابل قبولی باشد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر مشارکت ورزشی بر بهزیستی روان­شناختی با میانجی­گری هویت اجتماعی در سالمندان انجام شد.
روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل سالمندان مرد 60 سال و بالاتر ساکن شهر گرگان در سال 1399 بودند که تعداد 220 نفر (20 پرسشنامه ناقص بود) به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس و هدفمند انتخاب شدند. برای جمع­آوری داده­ها از پرسش‌نامه بین‌المللی فعالیت بدنی کرایگ و همکاران (2003)، مقیاس بهزیستی روان‌شناختی ریف (1989)، مقیاس هویت اجتماعی صفاری نیا و روشن (1390) و برای تحلیل داده­ها از روش­های ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS نسخه 21 و AMOS نسخه 24 استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج ضریب همبستگی نشان داد بین مشارکت ورزشی با هویت اجتماعی 67/0r=، مشارکت ورزشی با بهزیستی روان­شناختی 69/0r=، و هویت اجتماعی با بهزیستی روان­شناختی 71/0r=، رابطه مثبت و معنی­داری وجود دارد (01/0P<). سطح اطمینان برای هویت اجتماعی به عنوان متغیر میانجی بین مشارکت ورزشی و بهزیستی روان­شناختی معنادار بود (001/0P<)
نتیجه­گیری: براساس یافته­ها می­توان گفت شرکت در فعالیت­های ورزشی از طریق تقویت هویت اجتماعی در سالمندان می­تواند زمینه ارتقای بهزیستی روان­شناختی آنها را فراهم نماید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Sports Participation in Improving Psychological Well-Being among Elderly People: The Mediating Role of Social Identity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Ofoghi 1
  • Maryam Shabanzadeh Chamachaei 2
  • Fatemeh Shokri 3
  • Roghayeh Kiyani 4
1 PhD student Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
2 Ms in clinical psychology, BuinZahra branch, Islamic Azad University, BuinZahra, Qazvin, Iran
3 Ms in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
4 Department of psychology, Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose: During old age, it is important for individuals to maintain good mental health, engage in social activities, communicate effectively with others, and maintain cognitive and physical abilities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how sports participation can enhance psychological well-being in the elderly people through the mediation of social identity.
Methods: This study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design. The study population consisted of men aged 60 and above living in Gorgan city in 2020. A total of 220 individuals were selected through available and targeted sampling, with 20 incomplete questionnaires excluded. Data was collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire by Craig et al. (2003), Riff's psychological well-being scale (1989), and Safarinia and Roshan's social identity scale (2013). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation analysis with SPSS version 21 and AMOS version 24 software.
Results: The results of the correlation coefficient analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between sports participation and social identity (r=0.67), sports participation and psychological well-being (r=0.69), and social identity and psychological well-being (r=0.71) at a significance level of p<0.01. Additionally, the mediating role of social identity between sports participation and psychological well-being was found to be significant at the p<0.001 level.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that engaging in sports activities can enhance the psychological well-being of the elderly by strengthening their social identity.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sports participation
  • Social identity
  • Psychological well-being
  • Elderly People
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