Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Effect of a Yoga-Based Mindfulness Intervention on Resilience and Anger Control in Female Athletes The Effect of a Yoga-Based Mindfulness Intervention on Resilience and Anger Control in Female Athletes 1 15 102176 10.48308/mbsp.2021.210420.0 FA Fatemeh Mir Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Abdolshahi Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-9354-8168 Parvaneh Shamsipour Dehkordi Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7750-5734 Journal Article 2020 11 30 Purpose: The present study investigated the effect of yoga-based mindfulness on resilience and anger control in athletes with different performance levels. Methods: 72 students with an average age (20.67 ± 1.44) and sports experience (5.88 ± 3.26 years) were divided into three intervention and control groups (skilled, semi-skilled, and less experienced). Before and after the test, participants completed questionnaires on resilience and anger control; the intervention groups participated in 12 training sessions (90 minutes). Results: ANCOVA showed that the main effect of skill level was not significant. However, the intervention's main effect and the intervention's interactive effect and skill level on resilience and anger control were significant. After the test, the mean resilience of the intervention group (M=76.90) was higher than that of the control group (M=71.75) and the mean resilience of the semi-skilled group (M=74.13) was better than that of the less experienced and trained group. The average anger control of the semi-skilled group in the post-test (M=35.75) was also better than the control group (M=28.66). A paired t-test showed that the resilience of the three intervention groups and the anger control of the semi-skilled group had improved significantly in the post-test. Conclusion: It is suggested that sports coaches use a yoga-based mindfulness intervention to promote resilience and anger control in female athletes. Purpose: The present study investigated the effect of yoga-based mindfulness on resilience and anger control in athletes with different performance levels. Methods: 72 students with an average age (20.67 ± 1.44) and sports experience (5.88 ± 3.26 years) were divided into three intervention and control groups (skilled, semi-skilled, and less experienced). Before and after the test, participants completed questionnaires on resilience and anger control; the intervention groups participated in 12 training sessions (90 minutes). Results: ANCOVA showed that the main effect of skill level was not significant. However, the intervention's main effect and the intervention's interactive effect and skill level on resilience and anger control were significant. After the test, the mean resilience of the intervention group (M=76.90) was higher than that of the control group (M=71.75) and the mean resilience of the semi-skilled group (M=74.13) was better than that of the less experienced and trained group. The average anger control of the semi-skilled group in the post-test (M=35.75) was also better than the control group (M=28.66). A paired t-test showed that the resilience of the three intervention groups and the anger control of the semi-skilled group had improved significantly in the post-test. Conclusion: It is suggested that sports coaches use a yoga-based mindfulness intervention to promote resilience and anger control in female athletes.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102176_aefbdd28467a7e906e3b117ca7bcefdf.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 Prediction ofsocial Anxiety on Some Body Composition Indicators (WHR, BMI) and Body Image in Female Secondary School Students in Qom District 4 Prediction ofsocial Anxiety on Some Body Composition Indicators (WHR, BMI) and Body Image in Female Secondary School Students in Qom District 4 16 29 102114 10.48308/mbsp.2022.224621.1070 FA Abbas Habibzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Qom. Qom, Iran Mahdi Fahimi Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahab Danesh University. Qom, Iran. 0000-0002-6581-1125 Zahra Akbari Beni Master Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran. Journal Article 2021 11 13 Purpose: The aim of present study was to predict limb social anxiety based on some body composition indices (BMI, WHR) and body image in female high school students in the fourth district of Qom. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all girls aged 15 to 19 years of secondary school in the fourth district of Qom, of which 150 people were selected via purposive sampling method and completed the questionnaires of determining the social anxiety of the limbs and questionnaire the body image and their body mass index and waist to hip ratio were evaluated. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis. Results: According to the regression equation and standardized coefficients, the results showed that the variables of BMI index and body image index have a significant effect on social anxiety, so that per unit of change in each of them, respectively, 0.213, 0.557 change It is created in the criterion variable (social anxiety of the body). Conclusion: According to result, it seems that body image index (satisfaction of different body parts and then the individual's attitude about weight) has the most important and effective role on social anxiety. Purpose: The aim of present study was to predict limb social anxiety based on some body composition indices (BMI, WHR) and body image in female high school students in the fourth district of Qom. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all girls aged 15 to 19 years of secondary school in the fourth district of Qom, of which 150 people were selected via purposive sampling method and completed the questionnaires of determining the social anxiety of the limbs and questionnaire the body image and their body mass index and waist to hip ratio were evaluated. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis. Results: According to the regression equation and standardized coefficients, the results showed that the variables of BMI index and body image index have a significant effect on social anxiety, so that per unit of change in each of them, respectively, 0.213, 0.557 change It is created in the criterion variable (social anxiety of the body). Conclusion: According to result, it seems that body image index (satisfaction of different body parts and then the individual's attitude about weight) has the most important and effective role on social anxiety.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102114_a7647e66fe2c80d59e7e2894f2a72999.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Relationship between Talent Development Environment and Mental Toughness among Adolescent Football Players The Relationship between Talent Development Environment and Mental Toughness among Adolescent Football Players 30 46 101428 10.48308/mbsp.2021.220602.1007 FA Seyyed Mohammdreza Mousavi Ph.D Student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-4985-1706 Rasool Abedanzadeh Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-3629-8465 Vahid Darvishi Msc of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Science, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2021 02 08 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status quo of talent development environment among adolescent football players and its relationship with mental toughness. Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all the adolescent football players of Ahvaz city who were active in the football clubs of this city. Eventually, 181 adolescents with the age range of 12-15 years were selected. The tools used in this research were Talent Development Environment (Martindale et al., 2010) and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaires (Sheard et al., 2009). The data analysis in this study was done by SPSS at significant level P≤0.05. One sample T-Test, Pearson correlation, and regression with Enter method ware used for data analysis. Results: The results of the research showed the status of the components of the talent development environment of football players is higher than average (except for quality Preparation). In addition, the research showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the talent development environment and mental toughness. Conclusion: The status of the components of talent development environment showed that there is an eligible condition for the talent development of young football players in Ahvaz city. The position of the qualitative Preparation component at the cutting point also refers to the insignificant attention of coaches and practitioners to provide the necessary guidelines and introduce effective methods to improve and increase the quality of adolescents' performance. In addition, the effect of the talent development environment on mental toughness also confirms the previous findings. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status quo of talent development environment among adolescent football players and its relationship with mental toughness. Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all the adolescent football players of Ahvaz city who were active in the football clubs of this city. Eventually, 181 adolescents with the age range of 12-15 years were selected. The tools used in this research were Talent Development Environment (Martindale et al., 2010) and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaires (Sheard et al., 2009). The data analysis in this study was done by SPSS at significant level P≤0.05. One sample T-Test, Pearson correlation, and regression with Enter method ware used for data analysis. Results: The results of the research showed the status of the components of the talent development environment of football players is higher than average (except for quality Preparation). In addition, the research showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the talent development environment and mental toughness. Conclusion: The status of the components of talent development environment showed that there is an eligible condition for the talent development of young football players in Ahvaz city. The position of the qualitative Preparation component at the cutting point also refers to the insignificant attention of coaches and practitioners to provide the necessary guidelines and introduce effective methods to improve and increase the quality of adolescents' performance. In addition, the effect of the talent development environment on mental toughness also confirms the previous findings.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101428_31851455978d3ba66dd9b3fcc1b07d5b.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Effect of Task-Oriented and Self-Centered Sports Motivational Climate on Students' Physical Self-Concept The Effect of Task-Oriented and Self-Centered Sports Motivational Climate on Students' Physical Self-Concept 47 62 101518 10.48308/mbsp.2021.223431.1048 FA Reza Saboonchi Associate professor in Sport Management, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Majid Khalili Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran. Mohammad Nikravan Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran. Najaf Aghaei Kharazmi university,Tehran,Iiran Journal Article 2021 06 28 Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of task-oriented and self-oriented sports motivational climates on students' physical self-concept. Methods: The population included 2056 female students in Qom. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design, consisting of two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group experienced a task-oriented motivational climate, which involved participatory and voluntary activities. The second experimental group experienced a self-oriented motivational climate, which involved competitive and compulsory activities. The control group continued with the usual physical education program at school. Data was collected using a short form of the Marsh et al. self-description questionnaire. Results: Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon's statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Physical self-concept, including physical activities, physical appearance, endurance, physical competence, flexibility, overall self-concept, and self-esteem, significantly increased as a result of creating a motivational climate based on the task-oriented method. However, a significant increase was also observed in the Harmony to Self-Oriented method. Conclusion: Participation in physical activities through the creation of a task-oriented motivational climate is recommended to increase physical self-concept and feelings of value. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of task-oriented and self-oriented sports motivational climates on students' physical self-concept. Methods: The population included 2056 female students in Qom. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design, consisting of two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group experienced a task-oriented motivational climate, which involved participatory and voluntary activities. The second experimental group experienced a self-oriented motivational climate, which involved competitive and compulsory activities. The control group continued with the usual physical education program at school. Data was collected using a short form of the Marsh et al. self-description questionnaire. Results: Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon's statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Physical self-concept, including physical activities, physical appearance, endurance, physical competence, flexibility, overall self-concept, and self-esteem, significantly increased as a result of creating a motivational climate based on the task-oriented method. However, a significant increase was also observed in the Harmony to Self-Oriented method. Conclusion: Participation in physical activities through the creation of a task-oriented motivational climate is recommended to increase physical self-concept and feelings of value.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101518_5dd5319234a1cfb6f9f18e002c043c69.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Effect of Arousal on Decision Making and Eye Movements in Professional Volleyball Players The Effect of Arousal on Decision Making and Eye Movements in Professional Volleyball Players 63 74 101649 10.48308/mbsp.2021.210406.0 FA Majid Arab Ph.D student, Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, University of Tehran 0000-0002-0875-3993 Elahe Arabameri Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, University of Tehran Mehdi Shahbazi Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, University of Tehran 0000-0002-2148-4150 Elham Shirzad Department of Sports Health and Medicine, University of Tehran 0000-0002-8683-473X Journal Article 2020 11 27 Purpose: The aim of the present semi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of arousal by spectators on the process and outcome of decision making in volleyball serving. Methods: A number of 15 players of the Iranian national youth volleyball team participated in this study. The test subjects first performed decision tests under arousal conditions without spectators present and then under arousal conditions with spectators present. The task of the current study was to carry out volleyball serving decisions under arousal conditions with spectators present. The task of the current study was decision making in volleyball serving under arousal conditions caused by spectators. The participants performed 25 decision situations in the initial situation and under arousal conditions caused by spectators. Visual saccade and fixation data were recorded by an eye-tracker system simultaneously with decision making. Results: The result showed that spectator arousal influenced the process and outcome of decision making. Although the players' decision-making speed increased under the circumstances of arousal, their decision-making accuracy decreased. Conclusions: The results show that during the arousal situation caused by the presence of spectators, the speed of players' decisions increases but the accuracy of their decisions decreases. In fact, during arousal, players shifted the relationship between speed and accuracy such that the speed of decisions increased and the accuracy of decisions decreased. On the other hand, the shortening of the duration of visual stabilization, which is a sign of the optimal performance of the visual system in extracting information, is also due to arousal conditions. Purpose: The aim of the present semi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of arousal by spectators on the process and outcome of decision making in volleyball serving. Methods: A number of 15 players of the Iranian national youth volleyball team participated in this study. The test subjects first performed decision tests under arousal conditions without spectators present and then under arousal conditions with spectators present. The task of the current study was to carry out volleyball serving decisions under arousal conditions with spectators present. The task of the current study was decision making in volleyball serving under arousal conditions caused by spectators. The participants performed 25 decision situations in the initial situation and under arousal conditions caused by spectators. Visual saccade and fixation data were recorded by an eye-tracker system simultaneously with decision making. Results: The result showed that spectator arousal influenced the process and outcome of decision making. Although the players' decision-making speed increased under the circumstances of arousal, their decision-making accuracy decreased. Conclusions: The results show that during the arousal situation caused by the presence of spectators, the speed of players' decisions increases but the accuracy of their decisions decreases. In fact, during arousal, players shifted the relationship between speed and accuracy such that the speed of decisions increased and the accuracy of decisions decreased. On the other hand, the shortening of the duration of visual stabilization, which is a sign of the optimal performance of the visual system in extracting information, is also due to arousal conditions.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101649_2795b07edc74c41417a5d2c16f7c8e86.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Effect of Virtual Education of Psychological Skills (‎Sinclair & Sinclair Method‎) on the ‎Passing Accuracy of Basketball Players The Effect of Virtual Education of Psychological Skills (‎Sinclair & Sinclair Method‎) on the ‎Passing Accuracy of Basketball Players 75 90 102006 10.48308/mbsp.2022.222066.1034 FA Jalal Mohammadi Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4367-3048 Hassan Gharayagh Zandi ‎ Assistant Professor of Sports Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports ‎Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Davood Hoomanian Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2021 05 22 Purpose: The Sinclair & Sinclair model encourages athletes to improve their psychological skills in physical and technical dimensions. The present semi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual training of psychological skills (Sinclair & Sinclair method) on the passing accuracy of basketball players. Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. Participants included 24 basketball players from Zanjan who were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 12 experimental (mean age: 21.53±1.77) and control groups (mean age: 22.78 ± 1/94). The participants performed the goodness of fit test in the pre-test and post-test phases. The experimental group performed psychological exercises according to the Sinclair and Sinclair method for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes per session, while the control group did not intervene. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the results of the goodness of fit test of the two experimental and control groups when controlling for the pretest score (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be suggested that sports coaches can use the Sinclair and Sinclair method to improve passing accuracy in basketball players due to the simplicity of conducting cognitive skills exercises. Purpose: The Sinclair & Sinclair model encourages athletes to improve their psychological skills in physical and technical dimensions. The present semi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual training of psychological skills (Sinclair & Sinclair method) on the passing accuracy of basketball players. Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. Participants included 24 basketball players from Zanjan who were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 12 experimental (mean age: 21.53±1.77) and control groups (mean age: 22.78 ± 1/94). The participants performed the goodness of fit test in the pre-test and post-test phases. The experimental group performed psychological exercises according to the Sinclair and Sinclair method for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes per session, while the control group did not intervene. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the results of the goodness of fit test of the two experimental and control groups when controlling for the pretest score (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be suggested that sports coaches can use the Sinclair and Sinclair method to improve passing accuracy in basketball players due to the simplicity of conducting cognitive skills exercises.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102006_47dc2a846fd45485fd40ad75b570dad5.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Effect of Attention Instructions on Kinesthesia of Memory and Brain Waves The Effect of Attention Instructions on Kinesthesia of Memory and Brain Waves 91 112 102029 10.48308/mbsp.2022.224010.1059 FA Moradi Noorabadi Mohamad Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mahdi Mohammadi-Nezhad Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IR-Iran 0000-0002-8634-4466 Abbas Bahram Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-3430-4777 Mahdi Jabbari Associate Professor, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Majid Ghoshouni Isalamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch Journal Article 2021 10 09 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attention instructions on kinesthesia of memory, alpha, and theta wave changes in professional basketball players. Method: Thirty-six male athletes were randomly assigned into three groups: internal attention, external attention, and control. A quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest design including experimental and control groups was applied. In the pre-test, kinesthesia of memory, free throw, and 5-blinded brain waves on baseline were measured. In the acquisition phase, participants performed 20 attempts on the coordination test under four conditions (40-40°, 80-80°, 40-80°, 80-40°). The internal attention group focused on the movement of their limbs while moving, while the external attention group focused on the purpose and angle of movement. The retention test was conducted one day later, and the transfer test was conducted two days after the acquisition test. Results: Practicing a sense of movement showed significant progress. There were also significant interactive effects with the group. The results within each group showed that the effect of training sessions on theta and alpha waves was significant. Conclusion: The results support the constrained action hypothesis and the conscious processing hypothesis, suggesting that external focus requires less attention than internal focus. The non-optimal increase of alpha waves resulting from internal attention led to performance impairment. The decrease in alpha waves also led to increased sensory processing of information and improved performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attention instructions on kinesthesia of memory, alpha, and theta wave changes in professional basketball players. Method: Thirty-six male athletes were randomly assigned into three groups: internal attention, external attention, and control. A quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest design including experimental and control groups was applied. In the pre-test, kinesthesia of memory, free throw, and 5-blinded brain waves on baseline were measured. In the acquisition phase, participants performed 20 attempts on the coordination test under four conditions (40-40°, 80-80°, 40-80°, 80-40°). The internal attention group focused on the movement of their limbs while moving, while the external attention group focused on the purpose and angle of movement. The retention test was conducted one day later, and the transfer test was conducted two days after the acquisition test. Results: Practicing a sense of movement showed significant progress. There were also significant interactive effects with the group. The results within each group showed that the effect of training sessions on theta and alpha waves was significant. Conclusion: The results support the constrained action hypothesis and the conscious processing hypothesis, suggesting that external focus requires less attention than internal focus. The non-optimal increase of alpha waves resulting from internal attention led to performance impairment. The decrease in alpha waves also led to increased sensory processing of information and improved performance.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102029_8f8bd93dfe82ad77d6b3ad3fb193d1ba.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Effects of Distribution Practice and Metacognition on Learning Basketball Pass Skill The Effects of Distribution Practice and Metacognition on Learning Basketball Pass Skill 113 125 102094 10.48308/mbsp.2022.224254.1061 FA Sima Rahmani Boldagi Yazd University Mohamad Reza Sadeghian Shahi Assistant Professor, physical education and sport sciences group, Faculty of Humanities Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.t Professor Yazd University Rosa Rahavi Motor Behavior Department,, Sport Science Faculty, Alzahra University 0000-0003-4478-5674 Journal Article 2021 10 21 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of distribution practice and judgment of learning on the acquisition and retention of basketball pass skills. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 novice female students with a mean age of 14.48 ± 0.37 years old were objectively selected. They were then randomly and equally assigned to four groups: massed, distributed, massed - judgment of learning, and distributed - judgment of learning. In the pretest phase, participants performed 10 trials of the basketball chest pass. In the acquisition phase, the massed group and massed - judgment of learning group performed 240 basketball chest passes. The distributed group and distributed - judgment of learning group performed 60 trials during four consecutive sessions. In addition to performing the passes, the metacognition groups predicted their scores for the next block. In the post-test and retention tests performed after one day, seven days, and 28 days, participants performed 10 trials. Results: The results indicated that the distribution practice groups with judgment of learning had better performance in the acquisition and retention phases compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of metacognition in practice conditions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of distribution practice and judgment of learning on the acquisition and retention of basketball pass skills. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 novice female students with a mean age of 14.48 ± 0.37 years old were objectively selected. They were then randomly and equally assigned to four groups: massed, distributed, massed - judgment of learning, and distributed - judgment of learning. In the pretest phase, participants performed 10 trials of the basketball chest pass. In the acquisition phase, the massed group and massed - judgment of learning group performed 240 basketball chest passes. The distributed group and distributed - judgment of learning group performed 60 trials during four consecutive sessions. In addition to performing the passes, the metacognition groups predicted their scores for the next block. In the post-test and retention tests performed after one day, seven days, and 28 days, participants performed 10 trials. Results: The results indicated that the distribution practice groups with judgment of learning had better performance in the acquisition and retention phases compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the importance of metacognition in practice conditions.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102094_0a036247894b0d0a29cd41387d8abacd.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 Effect of Moderating Individuals' Personality Type on the Learning of Long and Short Badminton Serve Techniques in Blocked and Random Methods Effect of Moderating Individuals' Personality Type on the Learning of Long and Short Badminton Serve Techniques in Blocked and Random Methods 126 141 102149 10.48308/mbsp.2022.225023.1074 FA Mohammad Taghi Aghdasi Professor of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Fatemeh Aghdam MS Student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Zohreh Khalilpour Ph.D Student of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-4154-5774 Journal Article 2021 12 10 Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of personality type on badminton skill learning in the random and blocked methods. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a four-group post-test-pre-test design. The statistical population was the students of Tabriz University who used Friedman and Rosenman questionnaires to select individuals with personality types A and B, and each personality type was divided into two groups with blocked and random training. The acquisition test was conducted in ten sessions, and in each session three packages of twenty trials were administered, as well as a retention and transfer test 48 hours after acquisition. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The blocked method had a significant advantage over the random method in the acquisition of the learning material and the personality type of the learners did not play a role. There was no significant difference in retention performance between the 4 groups (P=0/021). In the transfer phase, random training was statistically superior to the other groups in both the personality type A group and the personality type B group (P=0/0001). Conclusion: It appears that personality type does not play a significant moderating role in random training and blocked training, and that blocked training in the acquisition phase and random training in the transfer phase also take precedence. Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of personality type on badminton skill learning in the random and blocked methods. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a four-group post-test-pre-test design. The statistical population was the students of Tabriz University who used Friedman and Rosenman questionnaires to select individuals with personality types A and B, and each personality type was divided into two groups with blocked and random training. The acquisition test was conducted in ten sessions, and in each session three packages of twenty trials were administered, as well as a retention and transfer test 48 hours after acquisition. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The blocked method had a significant advantage over the random method in the acquisition of the learning material and the personality type of the learners did not play a role. There was no significant difference in retention performance between the 4 groups (P=0/021). In the transfer phase, random training was statistically superior to the other groups in both the personality type A group and the personality type B group (P=0/0001). Conclusion: It appears that personality type does not play a significant moderating role in random training and blocked training, and that blocked training in the acquisition phase and random training in the transfer phase also take precedence.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102149_ca859bc3d1011f2c4ddd841ec759b687.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 05 22 Psychometrics of the Persian version of the Sports Mental Exercise Questionnaire Psychometrics of the Persian version of the Sports Mental Exercise Questionnaire 142 154 102170 10.48308/mbsp.2022.225047.1075 FA Elay Janamoo Berenjabad MS in Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Amir Shams Associate Professor, Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (SSRI), Tehran Iran. 0000-0001-9931-9158 Amir Dana Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz , Iran 0000-0003-0191-7868 Journal Article 2021 10 23 Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the validation of the Persian version of the Sports Mental Exercise Questionnaire. Methods: The method of this study is a non-experimental research and is one of the instruments of validation research in which the required information was collected cross-sectionally. The statistical population consisted of athletes from East Tehran. The sample also included 400 people who were randomly selected and completed a sports mental exercise questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions, two main dimensions (mental skills and mental techniques) and 5 subscales including basic skills, functional skills, interpersonal skills, self-talk and mental training. To assess the validity of the factor constructs, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the basis of structural equation modeling. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine temporal reliability (at two-week intervals). Results: The results show a good fit of the Persian version of the Mental Exercise Questionnaire. Internal consistency and temporal stability were also acceptable. Conclusion: Thus, the Persian version of Sports Mental Exercise Questionnaire has acceptable validity among athletes and psychologists and researchers can use this questionnaire. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the validation of the Persian version of the Sports Mental Exercise Questionnaire. Methods: The method of this study is a non-experimental research and is one of the instruments of validation research in which the required information was collected cross-sectionally. The statistical population consisted of athletes from East Tehran. The sample also included 400 people who were randomly selected and completed a sports mental exercise questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions, two main dimensions (mental skills and mental techniques) and 5 subscales including basic skills, functional skills, interpersonal skills, self-talk and mental training. To assess the validity of the factor constructs, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the basis of structural equation modeling. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine temporal reliability (at two-week intervals). Results: The results show a good fit of the Persian version of the Mental Exercise Questionnaire. Internal consistency and temporal stability were also acceptable. Conclusion: Thus, the Persian version of Sports Mental Exercise Questionnaire has acceptable validity among athletes and psychologists and researchers can use this questionnaire.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102170_cbce5636186dea8b8e170abcf31bfe9f.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 The Effect of Self-modeling, Skilled Model and Learning Model on Golf Putting Acquisition and Retention The Effect of Self-modeling, Skilled Model and Learning Model on Golf Putting Acquisition and Retention 155 166 102173 10.48308/mbsp.2022.209639.0 FA Ramin Ashraf , Faculty of Sport Science and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Behrouz Abdoli Faculty of Sport Science and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6646-9854 Reza Khosrowabadi Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Alireza Farsi Faculty of Sport Science and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2086-6632 Journal Article 2020 12 30 Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of self-modelling, skilled model, and learning model on the acquisition and retention of golf putting skill. Methods: Forty-five students who volunteered to participate were selected and divided into three groups: self-modelling, skilled model, and learning model. After completing the pretest, participants engaged in six practice sessions, each consisting of six blocks of 10 trials. Prior to each training block, participants watched a video of their respective group's golf putting 10 times. The retention test was conducted 48 hours later. Results: A mixed ANOVA with repeated measures demonstrated that all three groups made significant progress in learning the desired skill from the pre-test to the acquisition test. This progress remained somewhat stable until the retention test. Additionally, both the acquisition and retention phases showed that the self-modeling group performed better than the other two groups. However, there was no significant difference between these groups. Conclusion: Based on these results, the type of model used in learning skills such as golf putting has a highly significant effect. Therefore, learning golf putting can benefit from the similarities mentioned in Bandura's theory. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of self-modelling, skilled model, and learning model on the acquisition and retention of golf putting skill. Methods: Forty-five students who volunteered to participate were selected and divided into three groups: self-modelling, skilled model, and learning model. After completing the pretest, participants engaged in six practice sessions, each consisting of six blocks of 10 trials. Prior to each training block, participants watched a video of their respective group's golf putting 10 times. The retention test was conducted 48 hours later. Results: A mixed ANOVA with repeated measures demonstrated that all three groups made significant progress in learning the desired skill from the pre-test to the acquisition test. This progress remained somewhat stable until the retention test. Additionally, both the acquisition and retention phases showed that the self-modeling group performed better than the other two groups. However, there was no significant difference between these groups. Conclusion: Based on these results, the type of model used in learning skills such as golf putting has a highly significant effect. Therefore, learning golf putting can benefit from the similarities mentioned in Bandura's theory.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102173_aad74fef6d856e5ba29fcc4daad86e69.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 Presenting a paradigm model of the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sport Presenting a paradigm model of the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sport 167 175 103640 10.48308/mbsp.2021.223820.1056 FA Tina Sultan Ahmadi Department of Physical Education, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Zynalabedin Fallah Department of Physical Education, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Taher Bahlekeh Department of Physical Education, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Journal Article 2021 09 21 Purpose: Political behavior is a significant issue worldwide that has captured the attention of researchers in this field. Political behavior encompasses activities within an organization aimed at gaining power and achieving the goals of a power seeker in situations of uncertainty or instability. This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports. Methods: The study utilized a qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of knowledgeable experts, identified through purposive sampling. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 14 individuals being selected as participants for the qualitative section. Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection tool. Results: The study identified existing tensions, supportive forces, competitive environments, and mental pressures as causal conditions for the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports. Additionally, adaptation strategies and empowerment strategies were identified as means to promote the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports. Conclusions: The study revealed that the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports has consequences for both sports and politics. Purpose: Political behavior is a significant issue worldwide that has captured the attention of researchers in this field. Political behavior encompasses activities within an organization aimed at gaining power and achieving the goals of a power seeker in situations of uncertainty or instability. This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports. Methods: The study utilized a qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of knowledgeable experts, identified through purposive sampling. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 14 individuals being selected as participants for the qualitative section. Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection tool. Results: The study identified existing tensions, supportive forces, competitive environments, and mental pressures as causal conditions for the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports. Additionally, adaptation strategies and empowerment strategies were identified as means to promote the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports. Conclusions: The study revealed that the development of political psychology in Iranian professional sports has consequences for both sports and politics.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_103640_38904aefaa5d1f6b1f20a767b53c7520.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 Effectiveness of Group Logotherapy on Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being among Adolescent Athletes Effectiveness of Group Logotherapy on Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being among Adolescent Athletes 176 185 104417 10.48308/mbsp.2022.104417 FA Sadie Mohammadi Master of General Psychology, Payam Noor University, Mahabad Branch, West Azarbaijan, Iran. 0009-0006-8625-2920 Hayman Mahmoud Fakhe Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran. Journal Article 2021 04 11 Purpose: Achieving meaning ensures a person's mental health and well-being. Therefore, the current research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of group Logotherapy on the perceived stress and psychological well-being among adolescent athletes. Methods: The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all male sports students at the second secondary level in Gorgan city during the academic year of 1402-03. Using the available sampling method, 40 students were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 individuals, experimental and control. Data was collected using Cohen, Kamark, and Mermelstein's perceived stress questionnaire (1983) and the short version (18 questions) of Rief's psychological well-being scale (1989). The intervention program of group Logotherapy consisted of 10 sessions lasting 90 minutes each, conducted twice a week for the experimental group, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis through SPSS software version 22. Results: Covariance analysis revealed that the F value obtained for negative perception of stress was significant (P<0.01), but not significant for positive perception of stress (P<0.05). Additionally, F values for all components of psychological well-being (independence, mastery of the environment, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance) were significant (P<0.01). The effect size of Logotherapy group on the negative perception of stress was 61%, with the greatest impact on the components of positive communication with others (59%) and self-acceptance (58%). Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that group Logotherapy training is an effective intervention method for reducing perceived stress and enhancing the mental well-being of adolescent athletes. Purpose: Achieving meaning ensures a person's mental health and well-being. Therefore, the current research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of group Logotherapy on the perceived stress and psychological well-being among adolescent athletes. Methods: The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all male sports students at the second secondary level in Gorgan city during the academic year of 1402-03. Using the available sampling method, 40 students were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 individuals, experimental and control. Data was collected using Cohen, Kamark, and Mermelstein's perceived stress questionnaire (1983) and the short version (18 questions) of Rief's psychological well-being scale (1989). The intervention program of group Logotherapy consisted of 10 sessions lasting 90 minutes each, conducted twice a week for the experimental group, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis through SPSS software version 22. Results: Covariance analysis revealed that the F value obtained for negative perception of stress was significant (P<0.01), but not significant for positive perception of stress (P<0.05). Additionally, F values for all components of psychological well-being (independence, mastery of the environment, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance) were significant (P<0.01). The effect size of Logotherapy group on the negative perception of stress was 61%, with the greatest impact on the components of positive communication with others (59%) and self-acceptance (58%). Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that group Logotherapy training is an effective intervention method for reducing perceived stress and enhancing the mental well-being of adolescent athletes.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_104417_50d7b9521847a6bab761d46be5b7c24c.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 Psychometrics and Testing of a Motivational Marketing Model based on Psychological Components in Sports Psychometrics and Testing of a Motivational Marketing Model based on Psychological Components in Sports 186 200 104465 10.48308/mbsp.2022.104465.1115 FA Shima Hesami Ph.D Student, Sport Management Department, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. 0000-0002-9520-1029 Korosh Veisi Assistant Professor in Physical Education Department, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. 0000-0003-4956-3835 Samira Aliabadi Assistant Professor in Physical Education Department, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. Journal Article 2020 06 08 Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct psychometrics and testing of a motivational marketing model based on psychological components in sports. Methods: The present research was a descriptive-correlational study conducted in the field. The population of the study consisted of buyers and customers of sports goods and services. To determine the sample size in the quantitative stage, SPSS Sample Power software was used. Using this method, the sample size was estimated to be 370 individuals. A researcher-made questionnaire, based on the findings of the qualitative section, was used to collect data. The questions in this section were derived from the patterns that emerged from the qualitative research stage. The scoring of this questionnaire was based on a 5-point Likert scale. To validate the desired model pattern, a confirmatory factor analysis modeling approach was used. Results: Findings showed that the presence of multiple motivations, attitudes, perceptions, and the existence of pleasurable motivations were indicators of causal factors. Background factors included an efficient administrative structure, ethics, cultural and social factors, creating organizational health, performance monitoring and control. Intervention factors included changes and advancements in related technologies, inhibiting factors, and responsiveness. Promotion and advertising strategies, appropriate management strategies, service strategies, customer communication, logo fit, and brand in sports, motivational marketing pattern strategies in sports were developed. Additionally, foresight, building relationships with fans, creating customer commitment, and proper management of research outcomes were established. Ultimately, the results indicated the confirmation of items and factors in confirmatory factor analysis tests of the first and second order, meaning that the factor loadings of the items and factors were higher than 0.4. Conclusions: Based on the results of the current study, the model presented in the field of motivational marketing based on psychological components in sports can be used to advance the goals and strategies related to organizations and athletes. Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct psychometrics and testing of a motivational marketing model based on psychological components in sports. Methods: The present research was a descriptive-correlational study conducted in the field. The population of the study consisted of buyers and customers of sports goods and services. To determine the sample size in the quantitative stage, SPSS Sample Power software was used. Using this method, the sample size was estimated to be 370 individuals. A researcher-made questionnaire, based on the findings of the qualitative section, was used to collect data. The questions in this section were derived from the patterns that emerged from the qualitative research stage. The scoring of this questionnaire was based on a 5-point Likert scale. To validate the desired model pattern, a confirmatory factor analysis modeling approach was used. Results: Findings showed that the presence of multiple motivations, attitudes, perceptions, and the existence of pleasurable motivations were indicators of causal factors. Background factors included an efficient administrative structure, ethics, cultural and social factors, creating organizational health, performance monitoring and control. Intervention factors included changes and advancements in related technologies, inhibiting factors, and responsiveness. Promotion and advertising strategies, appropriate management strategies, service strategies, customer communication, logo fit, and brand in sports, motivational marketing pattern strategies in sports were developed. Additionally, foresight, building relationships with fans, creating customer commitment, and proper management of research outcomes were established. Ultimately, the results indicated the confirmation of items and factors in confirmatory factor analysis tests of the first and second order, meaning that the factor loadings of the items and factors were higher than 0.4. Conclusions: Based on the results of the current study, the model presented in the field of motivational marketing based on psychological components in sports can be used to advance the goals and strategies related to organizations and athletes.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_104465_e3a013e5d4da355238bc41ad95b087e9.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 09 23 Comparison of the Effects of Free and Organized Games on Motor Skills and Social Behavior of Children Comparison of the Effects of Free and Organized Games on Motor Skills and Social Behavior of Children 201 211 104258 10.48308/mbsp.2024.234251.1240 FA Seyede Tahere Mousavirad Assistant Professor in Sport Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0008-1250-8772 Nazanin Bakhtpour Ph.D in Motor Behaviour, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran 0009-0003-7168-6994 Journal Article 2023 04 05 Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of free and organized individual and group games on the motor skills and social behavior of 4-6-year-old children. Methods: The research utilized a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach. Seventy-five children from preschools and kindergartens in the 4th education district of Tehran were randomly assigned to three groups: free games, organized individual games, and organized group games. Data was collected using the Darsht al-Reikh motor development test-3 and a behavioral scale for preschool and kindergarten children. Data analysis was conducted using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and covariance tests at a significance level of less than 5%. Results: The results indicated a significant improvement in social skills among children in the organized group games group compared to the other groups. Additionally, the findings revealed a significant difference in gross motor skills between the organized individual and group games groups compared to the free games group, with the group organized games group showing the best performance. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of guidance and structured planning in achieving optimal motor development in children. Organized games, with targeted plans and programs, can enhance basic motor skills and social skills in children, ultimately improving their motor competence. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of free and organized individual and group games on the motor skills and social behavior of 4-6-year-old children. Methods: The research utilized a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach. Seventy-five children from preschools and kindergartens in the 4th education district of Tehran were randomly assigned to three groups: free games, organized individual games, and organized group games. Data was collected using the Darsht al-Reikh motor development test-3 and a behavioral scale for preschool and kindergarten children. Data analysis was conducted using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and covariance tests at a significance level of less than 5%. Results: The results indicated a significant improvement in social skills among children in the organized group games group compared to the other groups. Additionally, the findings revealed a significant difference in gross motor skills between the organized individual and group games groups compared to the free games group, with the group organized games group showing the best performance. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of guidance and structured planning in achieving optimal motor development in children. Organized games, with targeted plans and programs, can enhance basic motor skills and social skills in children, ultimately improving their motor competence.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_104258_73e14dd63d81b163bf746023032063a8.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 Identification of Factors Influencing the Interaction with Sports Clubs and Fan Support Based on Cultural-Social Theory in Premier League Football Teams Identification of Factors Influencing the Interaction with Sports Clubs and Fan Support Based on Cultural-Social Theory in Premier League Football Teams 212 225 104773 10.48308/mbsp.2021.101358 FA Saeideh Nosrati Ph.D Student, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Vajiheh Javani Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-6667-5575 Fatemeh Abdavi Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2021 04 27 Purpose: The aim of the this study is to identify the components that influence interactions with sports clubs and fan support in Premier League football teams, based on cultural-social theory. Methods: This research employed a mixed-method study, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The research team conducted 15 interviews initially, and after reaching theoretical saturation, 2 more interviews were added, bringing the total to 17 interviews. For the quantitative aspect, fans of the Iranian Premier League football were included in the study. Through convenience sampling, 400 individuals were selected to complete an electronically administered questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis utilized initial, axial, and selective coding. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied for data analysis, utilizing SPSS-22 and Smart PLS-4 software for all statistical analyses. Results: The research findings revealed that influential factors of sports clubs on fan support from a cultural-social perspective were identified in 2 themes and 12 concepts. The first theme, cultural factors, encompassed seven concepts: social environment, inhibitory, supportive, cultural sustainability, consumer culture, religious, and nationalistic. The second theme, social factors, included five concepts: social classes, demographic characteristics, societal dynamics, social changes, and social cohesion of fans. The quantitative results confirmed all paths of the research models and demonstrated a good fit. Furthermore, social (P=0.001) and cultural factors (P=0.001) had a significant impact on football fan support. Conclusions: Based on the research findings, it can be inferred that the interactive effect of sports clubs on fan support, grounded in cultural-social theory, is influenced by various factors. These factors may vary depending on the prevailing conditions in the community being studied. Therefore, relevant officials and managers should always take into account the diverse socio-cultural conditions of society and align their sports club values accordingly. Purpose: The aim of the this study is to identify the components that influence interactions with sports clubs and fan support in Premier League football teams, based on cultural-social theory. Methods: This research employed a mixed-method study, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The research team conducted 15 interviews initially, and after reaching theoretical saturation, 2 more interviews were added, bringing the total to 17 interviews. For the quantitative aspect, fans of the Iranian Premier League football were included in the study. Through convenience sampling, 400 individuals were selected to complete an electronically administered questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis utilized initial, axial, and selective coding. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied for data analysis, utilizing SPSS-22 and Smart PLS-4 software for all statistical analyses. Results: The research findings revealed that influential factors of sports clubs on fan support from a cultural-social perspective were identified in 2 themes and 12 concepts. The first theme, cultural factors, encompassed seven concepts: social environment, inhibitory, supportive, cultural sustainability, consumer culture, religious, and nationalistic. The second theme, social factors, included five concepts: social classes, demographic characteristics, societal dynamics, social changes, and social cohesion of fans. The quantitative results confirmed all paths of the research models and demonstrated a good fit. Furthermore, social (P=0.001) and cultural factors (P=0.001) had a significant impact on football fan support. Conclusions: Based on the research findings, it can be inferred that the interactive effect of sports clubs on fan support, grounded in cultural-social theory, is influenced by various factors. These factors may vary depending on the prevailing conditions in the community being studied. Therefore, relevant officials and managers should always take into account the diverse socio-cultural conditions of society and align their sports club values accordingly.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_104773_b69dd9833268ac59cd5de69c5d1fb873.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2025 06 03 Effectiveness of Yoga Exercises, Drug Therapy, and Combined Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Selective Attention Deficit and Impulsivity among Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Effectiveness of Yoga Exercises, Drug Therapy, and Combined Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Selective Attention Deficit and Impulsivity among Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 226 237 104777 10.48308/mbsp.2021.104777.2317 FA Hasan Shafaei . PhD, Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Massage and Health-Improving Physical Culture Named after I. M. Sarkizov-Serazini RSUFKSMiT, 105122 Moscow, Russia. 0000-0001-5802-3385 Hossein Ahmadi Sarsahra Ph.D, Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), A. P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Moscow, Russia. 0000-0001-7130-7649 Niloofar Rezaei Ph.D, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia. Journal Article Purpose: The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of yoga exercises, drug therapy, and combined therapy in reducing symptoms of selective attention deficit and impulsivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. Sixty children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were identified through interviews with a psychiatrist and the Conners Parent Rating Scale, and randomly assigned to four groups: control, yoga exercises, drug therapy, and combined therapy. During the pre-test, questionnaires on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity were completed by parents. During the intervention phase, the yoga exercises group engaged in yoga exercises for eight weeks, the drug therapy group received Ritalin, and the combined therapy group did both yoga exercises and received Ritalin. The control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, questionnaires were redistributed and collected for analysis using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test (P<0.05). Results: The results showed that while yoga exercises and drug therapy led to a reduction in symptoms of selective attention deficit and impulsivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the effectiveness of combined therapy was greater (P<0.05). Conclusions: Based on our results, yoga exercises can be recommended as a complementary therapy to drug therapy in improving symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity. Purpose: The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of yoga exercises, drug therapy, and combined therapy in reducing symptoms of selective attention deficit and impulsivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. Sixty children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were identified through interviews with a psychiatrist and the Conners Parent Rating Scale, and randomly assigned to four groups: control, yoga exercises, drug therapy, and combined therapy. During the pre-test, questionnaires on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity were completed by parents. During the intervention phase, the yoga exercises group engaged in yoga exercises for eight weeks, the drug therapy group received Ritalin, and the combined therapy group did both yoga exercises and received Ritalin. The control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, questionnaires were redistributed and collected for analysis using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test (P<0.05). Results: The results showed that while yoga exercises and drug therapy led to a reduction in symptoms of selective attention deficit and impulsivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the effectiveness of combined therapy was greater (P<0.05). Conclusions: Based on our results, yoga exercises can be recommended as a complementary therapy to drug therapy in improving symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_104777_41fc61c28d1949af17dbe967e205b4a1.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 15 1 2023 04 21 Relationship Between Defense Mechanisms and Suicidal Ideation in Professional Athletes: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Problems Relationship Between Defense Mechanisms and Suicidal Ideation in Professional Athletes: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Problems 238 252 106800 10.48308/mbsp.2023.10680.1199 FA Maryam Gholami PhD student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Sajjad Basharpoor Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Zahra Salmani Givi Master's degree in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran. Journal Article 2022 08 26 Purpose: The present study aimed to model the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation in professional athletes using structural equation modeling. Methods: The research design was descriptive–correlational. The statistical population consisted of all professional athletes in Kermanshah Province in 2022, from whom 220 participants were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire–40 developed by Andrews et al. (1993), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems–47 by Pilkonis et al. (1996), and the Suicide Cognitions Scale developed by Rudd et al. (2010). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The results indicated that the indirect path coefficients between mature defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation (β = −0.134, P<0.01), immature defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation (β=0.153, P< 0.01), and neurotic defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation (β = 0.165, P< 0.01) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that maladaptive defense mechanisms increase the risk of suicidal ideation in professional athletes through the intensification of interpersonal problems. Accordingly, psychological interventions in sport should emphasize the modification of defensive patterns and the enhancement of interpersonal skills as preventive strategies within athletes’ mental health programs. Purpose: The present study aimed to model the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation in professional athletes using structural equation modeling. Methods: The research design was descriptive–correlational. The statistical population consisted of all professional athletes in Kermanshah Province in 2022, from whom 220 participants were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire–40 developed by Andrews et al. (1993), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems–47 by Pilkonis et al. (1996), and the Suicide Cognitions Scale developed by Rudd et al. (2010). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The results indicated that the indirect path coefficients between mature defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation (β = −0.134, P<0.01), immature defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation (β=0.153, P< 0.01), and neurotic defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation (β = 0.165, P< 0.01) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that maladaptive defense mechanisms increase the risk of suicidal ideation in professional athletes through the intensification of interpersonal problems. Accordingly, psychological interventions in sport should emphasize the modification of defensive patterns and the enhancement of interpersonal skills as preventive strategies within athletes’ mental health programs.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_106800_b3fcd8c398f491e55ca99e8ba31c6be4.pdf