Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Predicting of satisfaction with life based on mental toughness and competitive motivational styles in martial artists Predicting of satisfaction with life based on mental toughness and competitive motivational styles in martial artists 1 14 101258 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.1 FA Atefeh Beheshti University of Tehran 0000-0001-6568-3138 Hassan Gharayagh Zandi University of Tehran Zahra Fathirezaie University of Tabriz 0000-0001-7334-9228 Journal Article 2020 01 25 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mental toughness and competitive motivational styles in predicting of Satisfaction with Life in Tehran Martial Artists. Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study and its statistical population was all male and female of martial artists in Tehran. Survey data were collected from 190 martial artists with a mean age of 25.02. The instruments used in this study were Mental Toughness in Sport Questionnaire-50 (MTSQ), Competitive Motivational Styles Questionnaire (CMSQ), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Exploratory factor analysis was used to validate the questionnaires. Results: The results Pearson correlation showed that there are the positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and its components, competitive motivational styles and Development-Focused and win-fixated components with life satisfaction. The results of regression analysis indicate that mental toughness and components of tough values, tough skills and tough emotions, competitive motivation styles, and Development-Focused and win-fixated components are the appropriate predictors of life satisfaction. Conclusion: As a result, to increase the life satisfaction of martial artists, training strategies based on increasing mental toughness and promoting of the positive dimensions of competitive motivational styles can be suggested. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mental toughness and competitive motivational styles in predicting of Satisfaction with Life in Tehran Martial Artists. Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study and its statistical population was all male and female of martial artists in Tehran. Survey data were collected from 190 martial artists with a mean age of 25.02. The instruments used in this study were Mental Toughness in Sport Questionnaire-50 (MTSQ), Competitive Motivational Styles Questionnaire (CMSQ), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Exploratory factor analysis was used to validate the questionnaires. Results: The results Pearson correlation showed that there are the positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and its components, competitive motivational styles and Development-Focused and win-fixated components with life satisfaction. The results of regression analysis indicate that mental toughness and components of tough values, tough skills and tough emotions, competitive motivation styles, and Development-Focused and win-fixated components are the appropriate predictors of life satisfaction. Conclusion: As a result, to increase the life satisfaction of martial artists, training strategies based on increasing mental toughness and promoting of the positive dimensions of competitive motivational styles can be suggested.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101258_94660ba370475fe98e282dda34476d93.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 The Effectiveness of Cognitive Load of Task on the Executive Functions of Inactive Elderly Women: Emphasis on environmental variability The Effectiveness of Cognitive Load of Task on the Executive Functions of Inactive Elderly Women: Emphasis on environmental variability 15 28 101456 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.15 FA Mohammamd Jalilvand 1- Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran Hosseein Samadi Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, Yazd University 0000-0002-1073-3393 Rezvan Soori kermanshah university Journal Article 2020 10 01 Purpose: Although reducing cognitive functions is an inevitable part of aging, performing physical activity and motor coordination skills is effective in improving their neurological functions. Considering the importance of the effective of tasks with different processing needs on cognitive functions, the aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of open and closed skills exercise on the executive functions of inactive elderly women. Methods: this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. 30 inactive elderly women were randomly assigned to two groups of open and closed skills exercise. Participants in both groups performed their own exercise program for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. All subjects then participated in executive function tests of Nback working memory, Wisconsin Card Sorting and stroop. Results: The results showed a significant difference between open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise on working memory (P = 0.001), cognitive flexibility (P = 0.025) and response inhibition (P = 0/002). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that 12 weeks of open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise has a more effect on increasing executive functions of inactive elderly women. Therefore, in order to improve their executive functions, it is recommended that inactive older women participate in sports such as table tennis, which have a high cognitive load. Purpose: Although reducing cognitive functions is an inevitable part of aging, performing physical activity and motor coordination skills is effective in improving their neurological functions. Considering the importance of the effective of tasks with different processing needs on cognitive functions, the aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of open and closed skills exercise on the executive functions of inactive elderly women. Methods: this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. 30 inactive elderly women were randomly assigned to two groups of open and closed skills exercise. Participants in both groups performed their own exercise program for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. All subjects then participated in executive function tests of Nback working memory, Wisconsin Card Sorting and stroop. Results: The results showed a significant difference between open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise on working memory (P = 0.001), cognitive flexibility (P = 0.025) and response inhibition (P = 0/002). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that 12 weeks of open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise has a more effect on increasing executive functions of inactive elderly women. Therefore, in order to improve their executive functions, it is recommended that inactive older women participate in sports such as table tennis, which have a high cognitive load.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101456_ae32282a706343d7ec821c9130927612.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children (MIQ-C) Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children (MIQ-C) 29 48 101257 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.29 FA Amir Shams Sport Science Research Institute (SSRI) 0000-0001-9931-9158 Mohammad VaezMousavi Professor at Imam Hossein University 0000-0002-2606-0816 Nazila Aghdashipour Ms in Motor Behavior Journal Article 2019 11 02 Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of movement imagery questionnaire for children among with 7-12 years old children in Tabriz city. Methodes: For this purpose, the 199 athletes (88 girls and 111 boys) were selected and completed the Persian version of the movement imagery questionnaire for children. This questionnaire involved 12 questions and three components such as external visual imagery, internal visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. Data were analyzed with Confirmatory factorial analysis based on structural equations, Cronbach alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient tests. Results: Result showed that the movement imagery questionnaire for children has acceptable fit indexes (RMSEA = 0.061, CFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.96, and CMIN/DF=1.71), internal consistency (0.89) and temporal reliability (0.88) among child athletes. Conclusion: Thus, the Persian version of movement imagery questionnaire for children has acceptable reliability and validity in Tabrizian child athletes and coaches, researchers and athletes can used this questionnaire Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of movement imagery questionnaire for children among with 7-12 years old children in Tabriz city. Methodes: For this purpose, the 199 athletes (88 girls and 111 boys) were selected and completed the Persian version of the movement imagery questionnaire for children. This questionnaire involved 12 questions and three components such as external visual imagery, internal visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. Data were analyzed with Confirmatory factorial analysis based on structural equations, Cronbach alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient tests. Results: Result showed that the movement imagery questionnaire for children has acceptable fit indexes (RMSEA = 0.061, CFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.96, and CMIN/DF=1.71), internal consistency (0.89) and temporal reliability (0.88) among child athletes. Conclusion: Thus, the Persian version of movement imagery questionnaire for children has acceptable reliability and validity in Tabrizian child athletes and coaches, researchers and athletes can used this questionnaire

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101257_e04a1d5dcff238da056269c7f6d8fefc.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Effect of Participation in a Course of Recreational Sports Activity on the Self-Efficacy and Resilience of the Physical Education Teachers Effect of Participation in a Course of Recreational Sports Activity on the Self-Efficacy and Resilience of the Physical Education Teachers 51 62 101259 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.51 FA Malihe Naeimikia Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8521-095X Amin Gholami Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Farrokhleqa Najafzadeh Assistant Professor at Department of Physical Education, Malekan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran Journal Article 2021 05 19 Purpose: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of participating in a course of recreational sport activity on the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers. Methodology: This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population of the present study included all the female physical education teachers in Tehran Province (Iran) who were not involved in the recreational sports activities. According to the empirical research, 40 individuals in the control and experimental groups (20 individuals per each study group) were selected as the sample of the study. Baek Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ), Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (developed by Neff et al., (2013)), and Resilience Questionnaire (developed by Lutens et al., (2007)) were used for data collection. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that participating in a course of recreational sport activity had a significant effect on the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers p < 0/05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that paying attention to recreational sports activities and promoting these activities in teachers' extracurricular programs can increase the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers. Purpose: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of participating in a course of recreational sport activity on the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers. Methodology: This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population of the present study included all the female physical education teachers in Tehran Province (Iran) who were not involved in the recreational sports activities. According to the empirical research, 40 individuals in the control and experimental groups (20 individuals per each study group) were selected as the sample of the study. Baek Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ), Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (developed by Neff et al., (2013)), and Resilience Questionnaire (developed by Lutens et al., (2007)) were used for data collection. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that participating in a course of recreational sport activity had a significant effect on the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers p < 0/05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that paying attention to recreational sports activities and promoting these activities in teachers' extracurricular programs can increase the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101259_35d334ff120407df3baaa829c0c4adc2.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Self-Compassion and the Risk of Exercise Addiction in College Students Self-Compassion and the Risk of Exercise Addiction in College Students 63 74 101411 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.63 FA Mahmoud Mohebi Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3094-147X Sahar Zarei Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3150-9777 Journal Article 2019 12 25 Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-compassion and the risk of exercise addiction (EA) in Collegestudents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population was all students from University of Tehran. In this study, 250 students who exercised in the university fitness centers were evaluated based on the Exercise Addiction Scale.Forty of themwere assigned to either an high risk (scoring ≥ 24 on the scale) or a low risk(scoring 23-13 on the scale) EA group session (Each group, n=20). They then completed Self-Compassion and Eating Disorders Scales. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and MANOVA. Results: The results indicated that prevalence of exercise addiction in college students is 8% and self-compassion is negatively related to exercise addiction.The results also revealed that, compared with students Less exposed to EA the students exposed to EA are more self-critical and tend to be isolated and catastrophic in the face of adversity and stressful situations. Conclusion: This study suggests EA risk has an inverse relationship to self-compassion in college students. Raising self-compassion may be a useful addition to EA problem prevention and treatment interventions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-compassion and the risk of exercise addiction (EA) in Collegestudents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population was all students from University of Tehran. In this study, 250 students who exercised in the university fitness centers were evaluated based on the Exercise Addiction Scale.Forty of themwere assigned to either an high risk (scoring ≥ 24 on the scale) or a low risk(scoring 23-13 on the scale) EA group session (Each group, n=20). They then completed Self-Compassion and Eating Disorders Scales. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and MANOVA. Results: The results indicated that prevalence of exercise addiction in college students is 8% and self-compassion is negatively related to exercise addiction.The results also revealed that, compared with students Less exposed to EA the students exposed to EA are more self-critical and tend to be isolated and catastrophic in the face of adversity and stressful situations. Conclusion: This study suggests EA risk has an inverse relationship to self-compassion in college students. Raising self-compassion may be a useful addition to EA problem prevention and treatment interventions.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101411_74590c71164d9fba556697bee04ad65c.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Psychometric of the Persian Version of the Sport Mental Training Questionnaire Psychometric of the Persian Version of the Sport Mental Training Questionnaire 75 97 101337 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.75 FA Maryam Abdoshahi Assistant professor Fahimeh Hosseini Alzahra University Parisa Hejazi Dinan Assistant professor 0000-0001-5743-2566 Journal Article 2019 10 06 Purpose: The purpose was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the sport mental training questionnaire (SMTQ). Method: Participants were 385 athletes (182 females and 203 males; mean age = 35±18) with different levels of skill (Professional and Semiprofessional athlete) in 14 types of individual and team sports. This questionnaire has five scales with subscales were includes of foundation skills (self-confidence, goal-setting), performance skill (activation control, relaxation, refocusing), interpersonal skills (group integration), self-talk, and imagery. The Ottawa Mental skill, group environment, automatic self-talk questionnaire were used to confirm the concurrent validity. Results: The findings showed that content and displayed validity were acceptable. Cronbach’s αs showed acceptable internal reliability (α=0.82), and interclass correlation coefficient established test-retest reliability of entire questionnaire (0.89) and subscales. The correlation coefficient of all of subscales with the same questionnaire were significant for concurrent validity. Construct validity were confirmed to compare difference between the high and low skill level, female and male athletes. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the adequate fit to the data. Conclusion: the Persian version of the sport mental training questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for Iranian sport psychologists and coaches. Purpose: The purpose was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the sport mental training questionnaire (SMTQ). Method: Participants were 385 athletes (182 females and 203 males; mean age = 35±18) with different levels of skill (Professional and Semiprofessional athlete) in 14 types of individual and team sports. This questionnaire has five scales with subscales were includes of foundation skills (self-confidence, goal-setting), performance skill (activation control, relaxation, refocusing), interpersonal skills (group integration), self-talk, and imagery. The Ottawa Mental skill, group environment, automatic self-talk questionnaire were used to confirm the concurrent validity. Results: The findings showed that content and displayed validity were acceptable. Cronbach’s αs showed acceptable internal reliability (α=0.82), and interclass correlation coefficient established test-retest reliability of entire questionnaire (0.89) and subscales. The correlation coefficient of all of subscales with the same questionnaire were significant for concurrent validity. Construct validity were confirmed to compare difference between the high and low skill level, female and male athletes. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the adequate fit to the data. Conclusion: the Persian version of the sport mental training questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for Iranian sport psychologists and coaches.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101337_7d70ff7411131e14a84b95fae24996bd.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Determining the individual and collective efficiency resources of national basketball team players using personal experiences Determining the individual and collective efficiency resources of national basketball team players using personal experiences 99 115 101275 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.99 FA Zahra Mohammadi Department of physical education and sport sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-2662-1158 Zohreh Meshkati Department of physical education and sport sciences,, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch,, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-7328-9357 Mehdi Zhianpour research at ACECR Journal Article 2020 05 31 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of individual and collective efficiency of the experiences of athletes of the Iranian national basketball team. Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach using phenomenology. The study participants were male and female athletes who were members of the 2018 national basketball team and were selected by the snowball method. 10 men and women with a mean age of 27 years participated in this study voluntarily. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the results were evaluated by three experts. Efficiency sources were extracted by researchers in the form of descriptive and interpretive codes. Results: Resources of efficacy were extracted by researchers in the form of codes. Individual efficacy resources include nine explanatory codes of "indirect experiences", "individual exercises", "beliefs", "motivations", "personal emotions", "encouragements", "individual achievements", "supports" and "coach efficiency". Similarly, collective efficacy resources are consisted of four explanatory codes of "team features", "team success", "team support" and "coach efficiency". The schematic designs were drafted using Atlas.ti.8 software. Conclusion: The present research suggests the importance of individual and collective efficiency in order for the national Iranian basketball team to achieve more international success. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of individual and collective efficiency of the experiences of athletes of the Iranian national basketball team. Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach using phenomenology. The study participants were male and female athletes who were members of the 2018 national basketball team and were selected by the snowball method. 10 men and women with a mean age of 27 years participated in this study voluntarily. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the results were evaluated by three experts. Efficiency sources were extracted by researchers in the form of descriptive and interpretive codes. Results: Resources of efficacy were extracted by researchers in the form of codes. Individual efficacy resources include nine explanatory codes of "indirect experiences", "individual exercises", "beliefs", "motivations", "personal emotions", "encouragements", "individual achievements", "supports" and "coach efficiency". Similarly, collective efficacy resources are consisted of four explanatory codes of "team features", "team success", "team support" and "coach efficiency". The schematic designs were drafted using Atlas.ti.8 software. Conclusion: The present research suggests the importance of individual and collective efficiency in order for the national Iranian basketball team to achieve more international success.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101275_025732e76a03bdc17f2c7d05cf0f2cac.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Effect of off-line time and over-learning different periods on Stabilization-Based Consolidation process and retroactive Interference in expilicit Memory Effect of off-line time and over-learning different periods on Stabilization-Based Consolidation process and retroactive Interference in expilicit Memory 117 130 101455 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.117 FA Somayeh Bakhshi Department of Motor Behavior, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Jaleh Bagherli Department of Motor Behavior, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 0000-0002-1360-6525 Saleh Rafiee Department of Motor Behavior, Sport Science Research Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 29 AbstractPurpose: So far, the best periods has not been set for off-line and for memory consolidation to occur and these periods vary, and whether over- learning enhances retention in a way that is really beneficial has been controversial. The aim of this research was the effect of over- learning and off-line different periods on Stabilization-Based Consolidation process and retroactive Interference in explicit Memory.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, Participants included 60 female students between the ages of 20 and 30 who were voluntarily selected. The participants after meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups with periods of 5 minute, 24 hours in offline with two factors over-learning and non-over-learning and two control groups.This research consisted of two phases of learning and retention and the initial task (forehand kick) and the second (backhand kick) task was used for this research. Results: Findings of ANOVA with repeated measure emerge from our results. First, off-line alone (24 hours and 5 minutes) is not enough to learn an assignment. Second, initial task at off-line times (24 hours and 5 minutes), the over- learning was consolidation, and the learning of the forehand kick became resistant to backhand kick interference.Conclusion: According to the results, suggest that over- learning can play a significant role in explicit motor memory, but the off-line in explicit motor memory alone cannot make retroactive interference resistant. The results show that continuous and sustained interference can be attributed to the retroactive effects of memory retrieval. AbstractPurpose: So far, the best periods has not been set for off-line and for memory consolidation to occur and these periods vary, and whether over- learning enhances retention in a way that is really beneficial has been controversial. The aim of this research was the effect of over- learning and off-line different periods on Stabilization-Based Consolidation process and retroactive Interference in explicit Memory.Methods: In this semi- experimental research, Participants included 60 female students between the ages of 20 and 30 who were voluntarily selected. The participants after meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups with periods of 5 minute, 24 hours in offline with two factors over-learning and non-over-learning and two control groups.This research consisted of two phases of learning and retention and the initial task (forehand kick) and the second (backhand kick) task was used for this research. Results: Findings of ANOVA with repeated measure emerge from our results. First, off-line alone (24 hours and 5 minutes) is not enough to learn an assignment. Second, initial task at off-line times (24 hours and 5 minutes), the over- learning was consolidation, and the learning of the forehand kick became resistant to backhand kick interference.Conclusion: According to the results, suggest that over- learning can play a significant role in explicit motor memory, but the off-line in explicit motor memory alone cannot make retroactive interference resistant. The results show that continuous and sustained interference can be attributed to the retroactive effects of memory retrieval.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101455_8178de590017a6417283e4df96f0f604.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Validation of the Persian version of the multidimensional scale of enjoyment of physical activity in first grade high school students in khouzestan province Validation of the Persian version of the multidimensional scale of enjoyment of physical activity in first grade high school students in khouzestan province 131 144 101429 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.131 FA Ataollah Sabri Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Rasool Abedanzadeh Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-3629-8465 Hesam Ramezanzadeh School of Humanities, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Esameel Saemi Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 30 Purpose: The aim of this study was to validation of the Persian version of the scale of enjoyment of physical activity in first grade high school students in Khuzestan province.Methodology: Among all of high school students in Khuzestan province who were studying in the academic year 1399-1398, 382 were clustered randomly selected (199 boys and 183 girls). The research tool was the scale of enjoyment of physical activity, the validity and reliability of which were also confirmed. The implementation method was such that using the open translation method, the translation accuracy of the Persian version of the scale was confirmed. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the structure and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient at a significance level of p≤0.05.Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis of physical activity enjoyment scale indicators indicate that the measurement model has a favorable fit and all physical fitness subscales of physical activity enjoyment index had an acceptable factor load and were confirmed. The internal consistency was 0.90 and the internal consistency of the pleasure subscale was 0.82%, communication was 0.78%, competency was 0.72%, improvement was 0.70% and entertainment was 0.74%. It came in handy.Conclusion: Therefore, the Persian version of the scale of enjoyment of physical activity had structural validity and internal reliability and can be used as a valid and stable tool among students. Purpose: The aim of this study was to validation of the Persian version of the scale of enjoyment of physical activity in first grade high school students in Khuzestan province.Methodology: Among all of high school students in Khuzestan province who were studying in the academic year 1399-1398, 382 were clustered randomly selected (199 boys and 183 girls). The research tool was the scale of enjoyment of physical activity, the validity and reliability of which were also confirmed. The implementation method was such that using the open translation method, the translation accuracy of the Persian version of the scale was confirmed. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the structure and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient at a significance level of p≤0.05.Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis of physical activity enjoyment scale indicators indicate that the measurement model has a favorable fit and all physical fitness subscales of physical activity enjoyment index had an acceptable factor load and were confirmed. The internal consistency was 0.90 and the internal consistency of the pleasure subscale was 0.82%, communication was 0.78%, competency was 0.72%, improvement was 0.70% and entertainment was 0.74%. It came in handy.Conclusion: Therefore, the Persian version of the scale of enjoyment of physical activity had structural validity and internal reliability and can be used as a valid and stable tool among students.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101429_2cbbad8e933e41ed0f18b5b73f78f00e.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 the effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings in mirror on the range of joint motion and gross manipulative skill in affected hand of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy(SHCP). the effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings in mirror on the range of joint motion and gross manipulative skill in affected hand of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy(SHCP). 145 159 101260 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.145 FA Nashmin Azizi razi university 0000-0002-4284-5277 Ali Heyrani associate professor Journal Article 2020 09 13 AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings in mirror on the range of joint motion and gross manipulative skill in affected hand of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy(SHCP).Methods: In this clinical trail study) IR.KUMS.REC.1398.493(, 16 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy were divided into two groups of bilateral motor trainings in mirror group and bilateral motor training group without mirror. In addition to the usual rehabilitation program, both groups performed exercise program according to their instructions. Upper limb joints range were evaluated before and after treatment using MSD marker goniometer and gross manipulative skills assessed using box and block tests (BBT).Results: The results showed that the effect of group, effect time, effect interaction of time group in both variables of gross manipulative skill and range of motion of upper limb joints were significant.Conclusion: despite the positive effect of bimanual motor trainings on the rang of motion of the joints and gross motor skill in affected hand children with hemiplegic, but bilateral motor trainings with mirror had a greater effect that can be explained by mechanism of mirror neurons. AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings in mirror on the range of joint motion and gross manipulative skill in affected hand of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy(SHCP).Methods: In this clinical trail study) IR.KUMS.REC.1398.493(, 16 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy were divided into two groups of bilateral motor trainings in mirror group and bilateral motor training group without mirror. In addition to the usual rehabilitation program, both groups performed exercise program according to their instructions. Upper limb joints range were evaluated before and after treatment using MSD marker goniometer and gross manipulative skills assessed using box and block tests (BBT).Results: The results showed that the effect of group, effect time, effect interaction of time group in both variables of gross manipulative skill and range of motion of upper limb joints were significant.Conclusion: despite the positive effect of bimanual motor trainings on the rang of motion of the joints and gross motor skill in affected hand children with hemiplegic, but bilateral motor trainings with mirror had a greater effect that can be explained by mechanism of mirror neurons.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101260_674d9635e8a475e7dcad0d5f21529ffb.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 08 13 Comparison of the effect of muscle fatigue resulting from submaximal and maximal muscle contractions on changes in muscle synergy and height control: According to impulse interpolation technique Comparison of the effect of muscle fatigue resulting from submaximal and maximal muscle contractions on changes in muscle synergy and height control: According to impulse interpolation technique 161 178 101332 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.161 FA Zeinab Hatami Bahmanbegloo Faculty of Sport Sciences & Health, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran Alireza Farsi Professor, Department of motor behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences & Health, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2086-6632 Hamidollah Hassanlouei Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Markus Tilp Full Professor at the Institute of Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz. Journal Article 2021 04 04 Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of maximal and submaximal fatiguing contractions on voluntary postural stability and muscle synergies. Methods: Following isometric maximum voluntary contraction (IMVC) tests, 12 volunteers randomly performed submaximal and maximal fatiguing contractions of the plantar flexors. Before and after the fatiguing protocols, the central fatigue, peripheral fatigue, the centre of pressure and activities of 12 muscles was recorded. Repeated measure ANOVA dependent T was used for data analysis. Results: Rest twitch size was smaller after maximal than submaximal fatiguing contractions. Voluntary activation and IMVC decreased significantly more after submaximal than maximal fatiguing contractions. M wave was not changed significantly after two protocols of fatiguing contractions. Furthermore, in comparison with the maximal fatiguing contractions, the submaximal fatiguing contractions lead significant decrease in variance of muscles activity and muscle synergies. The ellipse of COP area also increases significantly after submaximal than maximal fatiguing contractions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The outcome of this study suggests that training programs for patients with balance and muscle synergies issues should be based on training with submaximal rather than maximal load. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of maximal and submaximal fatiguing contractions on voluntary postural stability and muscle synergies. Methods: Following isometric maximum voluntary contraction (IMVC) tests, 12 volunteers randomly performed submaximal and maximal fatiguing contractions of the plantar flexors. Before and after the fatiguing protocols, the central fatigue, peripheral fatigue, the centre of pressure and activities of 12 muscles was recorded. Repeated measure ANOVA dependent T was used for data analysis. Results: Rest twitch size was smaller after maximal than submaximal fatiguing contractions. Voluntary activation and IMVC decreased significantly more after submaximal than maximal fatiguing contractions. M wave was not changed significantly after two protocols of fatiguing contractions. Furthermore, in comparison with the maximal fatiguing contractions, the submaximal fatiguing contractions lead significant decrease in variance of muscles activity and muscle synergies. The ellipse of COP area also increases significantly after submaximal than maximal fatiguing contractions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The outcome of this study suggests that training programs for patients with balance and muscle synergies issues should be based on training with submaximal rather than maximal load.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101332_0b3d61200da50b9498954da637ae99a8.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 The effect of character empowerment on the self-efficacy of sports managers with the mediating role of responsibility The effect of character empowerment on the self-efficacy of sports managers with the mediating role of responsibility 179 198 102696 10.48308/mbsp.2021.210482.0 FA Taher Vaisy Ph.D. Student in Physical Education, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran. Sirus Ahmadi Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch, Hamadan Keyvan Molanourozi Islamic Azad University, Research Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1374-460X Mohammad Esmaeil Ebrahimi Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch, Hamadan, Iran Journal Article 2020 10 27 Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of character empowerment on self-efficacy of sports managers with the mediating role of responsibility.Methods: The sample group consisted of 279 senior managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the heads of sports federations who were selected by stratified-random sampling method.Research tools, standard questionnaires of Seligman and Patterson character competence (2004), Self-efficacy of prentic and colleague(1982) and responsibility of Carol and Stuartz (2003). The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha.Results: Structural equation method was used to analyze the data. The results showed a good fit of the data with the model.(2.16 =x2 and 0.07 = RMSEA)Conclusion: The results confirmed the important role of responsibility on the relationship between character empowerment and managers' self-efficacy. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of character empowerment on self-efficacy of sports managers with the mediating role of responsibility.Methods: The sample group consisted of 279 senior managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the heads of sports federations who were selected by stratified-random sampling method.Research tools, standard questionnaires of Seligman and Patterson character competence (2004), Self-efficacy of prentic and colleague(1982) and responsibility of Carol and Stuartz (2003). The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha.Results: Structural equation method was used to analyze the data. The results showed a good fit of the data with the model.(2.16 =x2 and 0.07 = RMSEA)Conclusion: The results confirmed the important role of responsibility on the relationship between character empowerment and managers' self-efficacy.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_102696_facf0d259ba19cc7c5e9b8de334f568c.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Effect of the consequence memory training program on youth motor memory performance: Mediating role of laterality Effect of the consequence memory training program on youth motor memory performance: Mediating role of laterality 199 217 101548 10.48308/mbsp.6.1.199 FA Mahbobeh Khangholi Islamic Azad University Mahdi NamaziZadeh Islamic Azad University Sadegh Nasri Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran Seied Mohammad Kazem Vaez Mousavi Professor Imam Hossein University Journal Article 2021 05 03 Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the consequence memory training program on youth motor memory performance and to investigate the mediating role of laterality. Methods: The statistical sample of this study also includes 60 young women on the right and left hands that were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into four groups. The tasks used were included the alternative serial reaction time task, the Wechsler memory scale, third edition, and the Back-N working memory test. Subjects participated in pre-test, acquisition test, immediate retention test and 48 hours later in delayed retention test. Results: Results showed that there are significant differences between the performances of motor memory in the pre-test stage with each of the stages. Comparison of the groups in motor memory performance showed that the subjects of the left-handed experimental groups had better motor memory performance in all stages than the subjects of the other groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the left individuals had better performance in motor memory, so it is suggested that trainers pay special attention to the issue of laterality for training and performance of motor skills. Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the consequence memory training program on youth motor memory performance and to investigate the mediating role of laterality. Methods: The statistical sample of this study also includes 60 young women on the right and left hands that were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into four groups. The tasks used were included the alternative serial reaction time task, the Wechsler memory scale, third edition, and the Back-N working memory test. Subjects participated in pre-test, acquisition test, immediate retention test and 48 hours later in delayed retention test. Results: Results showed that there are significant differences between the performances of motor memory in the pre-test stage with each of the stages. Comparison of the groups in motor memory performance showed that the subjects of the left-handed experimental groups had better motor memory performance in all stages than the subjects of the other groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the left individuals had better performance in motor memory, so it is suggested that trainers pay special attention to the issue of laterality for training and performance of motor skills.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_101548_a7281936f3fc45ee7b722ec7d7f06436.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Predicting Anxiety among Adolescent Athletes based on Family Functioning with a Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility and Frustration Tolerance Predicting Anxiety among Adolescent Athletes based on Family Functioning with a Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility and Frustration Tolerance 218 227 105943 10.48308/mbsp.2021.105943 FA Arash Salehinezhad Mc in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran. Reza Fathi Assistant Professor of Distance Education Planning, Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran. 0000-0002-5277-2366 Journal Article 2020 08 01 Purpose: The aim of this research was to predict anxiety in adolescent athletes based on family functioning, while examining the mediating roles of psychological flexibility and frustration tolerance. Methods: This research was applied in nature and utilized a descriptive correlational method. The population of this study included all adolescent athletes in district 4 of Tehran city. A total of 443 individuals were selected through non-random convenience sampling. The research tools included the Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1988), the Harington Frustration Tolerance Scale (2005), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – 2 by Bond et al. (2011), and the McMaster Family Assessment by Epstein et al. (1983). Structural equation modeling was conducted using fit indices and SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The results indicated that anxiety in adolescent athletes can be predicted based on family functioning (P = 0.001, β = 0.400), with the mediating role of psychological flexibility (P = 0.001, Z = 0.114), and ultimately with the mediating role of frustration tolerance (P = 0.001, Z = 0.373). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that in order to control anxiety in adolescent athletes, psychological variables such as frustration tolerance, psychological flexibility, along with family functioning, should be taken into consideration. Purpose: The aim of this research was to predict anxiety in adolescent athletes based on family functioning, while examining the mediating roles of psychological flexibility and frustration tolerance. Methods: This research was applied in nature and utilized a descriptive correlational method. The population of this study included all adolescent athletes in district 4 of Tehran city. A total of 443 individuals were selected through non-random convenience sampling. The research tools included the Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1988), the Harington Frustration Tolerance Scale (2005), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – 2 by Bond et al. (2011), and the McMaster Family Assessment by Epstein et al. (1983). Structural equation modeling was conducted using fit indices and SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The results indicated that anxiety in adolescent athletes can be predicted based on family functioning (P = 0.001, β = 0.400), with the mediating role of psychological flexibility (P = 0.001, Z = 0.114), and ultimately with the mediating role of frustration tolerance (P = 0.001, Z = 0.373). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that in order to control anxiety in adolescent athletes, psychological variables such as frustration tolerance, psychological flexibility, along with family functioning, should be taken into consideration.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_105943_3d0a718a25acf9ee4ba35712a9fab896.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Effectiveness of Psychological Capital Training on Rumination and Physical Activity in Female Adolescents Effectiveness of Psychological Capital Training on Rumination and Physical Activity in Female Adolescents 228 239 105989 10.48308/mbsp.2021.1059.1192 FA Farzaneh Davari Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4923-054X Maryam Mansourieh Ms in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahr-e-Quds Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Jaber Azizi Ms in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran. 0009-0005-0740-0597 Journal Article 2020 07 15 Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psychological capital training on rumination and physical activity in female adolescents. Method: The research utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach and a control group. The study population consisted of female high school students in Tehran. Thirty eligible volunteers were selected based on a depression cut-off score and randomly assigned to either the psychological capital training group or the control group. Participants completed the Ruminative Response Scale and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile before and after the intervention. Following the implementation of the Psychological Capital training package by Luthans et al. (2015) on the depressed girls, data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS software. Results: The ANCOVA results showed that psychological capital training significantly increased physical activity in depressed female adolescents but did not have a significant effect on rumination. Conclusion: Based on the findings, psychological capital training improved health-promoting lifestyle and physical activity. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psychological capital training on rumination and physical activity in female adolescents. Method: The research utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach and a control group. The study population consisted of female high school students in Tehran. Thirty eligible volunteers were selected based on a depression cut-off score and randomly assigned to either the psychological capital training group or the control group. Participants completed the Ruminative Response Scale and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile before and after the intervention. Following the implementation of the Psychological Capital training package by Luthans et al. (2015) on the depressed girls, data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS software. Results: The ANCOVA results showed that psychological capital training significantly increased physical activity in depressed female adolescents but did not have a significant effect on rumination. Conclusion: Based on the findings, psychological capital training improved health-promoting lifestyle and physical activity.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_105989_1e01a864cb44d4bd2ce7739a5b3b78d0.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Self-Control, Food Craving, and Body Appreciation in Women with a Low Level of Physical Activity Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Self-Control, Food Craving, and Body Appreciation in Women with a Low Level of Physical Activity 240 255 106341 10.48308/mbsp.2021.1063.1098 FA Haniye Raouftabar Master Student of General Psychology, Adiban Institute of Higher Education, Department of Psychology, Garmsar, Iran. Roya Aftab 2. Adiban Higher Education Institute Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Garmsar, Iran. 0000-0001-7679-2794 Journal Article 2020 09 12 Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on self-control, food craving, and body appreciation in women with low physical activity levels. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all inactive obese women living in District 17 of Tehran. A sample of 30 women was selected via convenience sampling and, after being matched for age and body mass index, were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group (15 participants each). The experimental group received 10 sessions of ACT, while the control group received no intervention. All participants completed the Self-Control Scale, the State and Trait Food-Cravings Questionnaire, and the Body Appreciation Scale at pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up assessments. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The findings indicated a significant effect of ACT on the combined dependent variables. Specifically, the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in self-control and body appreciation scores, and a significant decrease in food craving scores compared to the control group, and these effects were maintained at the follow-up stage (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an effective intervention for enhancing self-control and body appreciation, while reducing food cravings, in obese women with low physical activity. It is suggested that this therapeutic approach be offered as a complementary psychological treatment alongside standard weight management protocols for this population. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on self-control, food craving, and body appreciation in women with low physical activity levels. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all inactive obese women living in District 17 of Tehran. A sample of 30 women was selected via convenience sampling and, after being matched for age and body mass index, were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group (15 participants each). The experimental group received 10 sessions of ACT, while the control group received no intervention. All participants completed the Self-Control Scale, the State and Trait Food-Cravings Questionnaire, and the Body Appreciation Scale at pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up assessments. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The findings indicated a significant effect of ACT on the combined dependent variables. Specifically, the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in self-control and body appreciation scores, and a significant decrease in food craving scores compared to the control group, and these effects were maintained at the follow-up stage (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an effective intervention for enhancing self-control and body appreciation, while reducing food cravings, in obese women with low physical activity. It is suggested that this therapeutic approach be offered as a complementary psychological treatment alongside standard weight management protocols for this population.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_106341_264a468d85f36b26d4ed53d2a1811893.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Sports Psychology 2676-3729 13 1 2021 06 22 Relationship between Athletes Burnout and Mental Health among Students: Examining the Role of Gender Relationship between Athletes Burnout and Mental Health among Students: Examining the Role of Gender 256 269 106677 10.48308/mbsp.2020.1066.1177 FA Mandana Sangari Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Mazandaran, Iran. 0000-0002-1439-4501 Journal Article 2020 05 14 Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between athlete’s burnout and the mental health among students, and to examine the role of gender. Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of the Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. Based on Morgan's table and Cochran's formula, a sample size of 260 individuals was considered and selected through random sampling. For data collection, a demographic information questionnaire, the Athletes Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and inferential statistical methods. Results: The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a significant negative relationship between athletes’ burnout and its components with the students' level of mental health (P<0.05). Furthermore, the results of the regression test indicated a relatively strong linear relationship between the predictor variables (components of athletes’ burnout including emotional and physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and devaluation of sport) and the criterion variable (mental health). In other words, the relationship between the predictor and criterion variables was 35.2%. Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study showed a significant negative relationship between mental health and athletic burnout among the studied male and female students. Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between athlete’s burnout and the mental health among students, and to examine the role of gender. Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of the Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. Based on Morgan's table and Cochran's formula, a sample size of 260 individuals was considered and selected through random sampling. For data collection, a demographic information questionnaire, the Athletes Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and inferential statistical methods. Results: The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a significant negative relationship between athletes’ burnout and its components with the students' level of mental health (P<0.05). Furthermore, the results of the regression test indicated a relatively strong linear relationship between the predictor variables (components of athletes’ burnout including emotional and physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and devaluation of sport) and the criterion variable (mental health). In other words, the relationship between the predictor and criterion variables was 35.2%. Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study showed a significant negative relationship between mental health and athletic burnout among the studied male and female students.

https://mbsp.sbu.ac.ir/article_106677_3c37cd4414c23996a02cdd2f3ba464fe.pdf